Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria

Environmental antibiotic residues (EARs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are known to contribute to global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated EAR levels in selected wells, river, abattoir wastewater, bottled water and sachet water from Ede, Nigeria. Ecological risk quoti...

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Main Authors: Gloria O. Taylor, Aemere Ogunlaja, Olumide D. Olukanni, Oluwatosin M. Awopetu, Frances Okodua, Daniel O. Godson, Afolarin Otusile, Daniella Ekpe, Esther Deguenon, Kevin M. Sintondji, Victorien Dougnon, Olumuyiwa O. Ogunlaja, Chidinma G. Olorunnisola, Martins O. Omorogie, Moses O. Alfred, Emmanuel I. Unuabonah
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Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402417569X
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author Gloria O. Taylor
Aemere Ogunlaja
Olumide D. Olukanni
Oluwatosin M. Awopetu
Frances Okodua
Daniel O. Godson
Afolarin Otusile
Daniella Ekpe
Esther Deguenon
Kevin M. Sintondji
Victorien Dougnon
Olumuyiwa O. Ogunlaja
Chidinma G. Olorunnisola
Martins O. Omorogie
Moses O. Alfred
Emmanuel I. Unuabonah
author_facet Gloria O. Taylor
Aemere Ogunlaja
Olumide D. Olukanni
Oluwatosin M. Awopetu
Frances Okodua
Daniel O. Godson
Afolarin Otusile
Daniella Ekpe
Esther Deguenon
Kevin M. Sintondji
Victorien Dougnon
Olumuyiwa O. Ogunlaja
Chidinma G. Olorunnisola
Martins O. Omorogie
Moses O. Alfred
Emmanuel I. Unuabonah
author_sort Gloria O. Taylor
collection DOAJ
description Environmental antibiotic residues (EARs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are known to contribute to global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated EAR levels in selected wells, river, abattoir wastewater, bottled water and sachet water from Ede, Nigeria. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and health risk (Hazard quotient) of the levels of these EARs, ARB and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) with their antibiotic resistance were calculated. Antibiotic residues detected included tetracycline-TET (14.2–135.8 μg/L), chloramphenicol-CHL (6.8–224.7 μg/L), metronidazole-MET (3.7–83.8 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole-SUL (0.56–18.6 μg/L), and ciprofloxacin-CIP (3.8–97 μg/L). Antibiotic residues in STW samples were below the detection limit while ampicillin was not detected in any of the water samples. Chloramphenicol posed the highest ecological risk to algae while infants were particularly at risks of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole resistance in various water sources. No health risk due to bottled water exposure is observed for any population group. The mean log10 bacteria count (cfu/mL) followed the trend abattoir (5.68) > river (5.67) > hand-dug well (5.53) > sachet (5.03) > bottled (4.83). The most occurring ARB in water samples are Bacillus spp (36.3 %) > Staphylococcus (27.5 %) and the most dominant MDR isolate is Bacillus cereus. All isolates exhibited 62.5, 100, 31.3, 77.5, 58.8 and 33.8 % resistance to AMP, MET, CIP, TET, CHL and SUL, respectively. Visible-light composite material (Cu/Zn-doped delaminated kaolinite) completely disinfected 12.5 and 15.8 L of water containing Log10 7.5 cfu/mL of ARB Enterobacter sp and Bacillus sp respectively with no regrowth in treated water after storage for three days. Levels of EAR in the water sources in this study are among the highest in aquatic systems worldwide and can potentially lead to community AMR. Usage, discharge and sales of antibiotics should be guided by policies while routine monitoring of drinking water sources should be encouraged to reduce the AMR burden in the region. The photocatalytic material used in this study for water disinfection offers a promising, cost-effective solution for mitigating AMR risks from drinking water.
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spelling doaj-art-c3fd1615554240c993f9cc4bab97ee962025-08-20T02:46:35ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-01-01111e4153810.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41538Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, NigeriaGloria O. Taylor0Aemere Ogunlaja1Olumide D. Olukanni2Oluwatosin M. Awopetu3Frances Okodua4Daniel O. Godson5Afolarin Otusile6Daniella Ekpe7Esther Deguenon8Kevin M. Sintondji9Victorien Dougnon10Olumuyiwa O. Ogunlaja11Chidinma G. Olorunnisola12Martins O. Omorogie13Moses O. Alfred14Emmanuel I. Unuabonah15Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Corresponding author. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaResearch Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninResearch Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninResearch Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninAfrican Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, NigeriaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, GermanyAfrican Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, NigeriaAfrican Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.Environmental antibiotic residues (EARs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are known to contribute to global antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study investigated EAR levels in selected wells, river, abattoir wastewater, bottled water and sachet water from Ede, Nigeria. Ecological risk quotient (RQ) and health risk (Hazard quotient) of the levels of these EARs, ARB and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) with their antibiotic resistance were calculated. Antibiotic residues detected included tetracycline-TET (14.2–135.8 μg/L), chloramphenicol-CHL (6.8–224.7 μg/L), metronidazole-MET (3.7–83.8 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole-SUL (0.56–18.6 μg/L), and ciprofloxacin-CIP (3.8–97 μg/L). Antibiotic residues in STW samples were below the detection limit while ampicillin was not detected in any of the water samples. Chloramphenicol posed the highest ecological risk to algae while infants were particularly at risks of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole resistance in various water sources. No health risk due to bottled water exposure is observed for any population group. The mean log10 bacteria count (cfu/mL) followed the trend abattoir (5.68) > river (5.67) > hand-dug well (5.53) > sachet (5.03) > bottled (4.83). The most occurring ARB in water samples are Bacillus spp (36.3 %) > Staphylococcus (27.5 %) and the most dominant MDR isolate is Bacillus cereus. All isolates exhibited 62.5, 100, 31.3, 77.5, 58.8 and 33.8 % resistance to AMP, MET, CIP, TET, CHL and SUL, respectively. Visible-light composite material (Cu/Zn-doped delaminated kaolinite) completely disinfected 12.5 and 15.8 L of water containing Log10 7.5 cfu/mL of ARB Enterobacter sp and Bacillus sp respectively with no regrowth in treated water after storage for three days. Levels of EAR in the water sources in this study are among the highest in aquatic systems worldwide and can potentially lead to community AMR. Usage, discharge and sales of antibiotics should be guided by policies while routine monitoring of drinking water sources should be encouraged to reduce the AMR burden in the region. The photocatalytic material used in this study for water disinfection offers a promising, cost-effective solution for mitigating AMR risks from drinking water.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402417569XDrinking waterAntibiotic residuesAntimicrobial resistanceRisk assessmentTreatment
spellingShingle Gloria O. Taylor
Aemere Ogunlaja
Olumide D. Olukanni
Oluwatosin M. Awopetu
Frances Okodua
Daniel O. Godson
Afolarin Otusile
Daniella Ekpe
Esther Deguenon
Kevin M. Sintondji
Victorien Dougnon
Olumuyiwa O. Ogunlaja
Chidinma G. Olorunnisola
Martins O. Omorogie
Moses O. Alfred
Emmanuel I. Unuabonah
Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria
Heliyon
Drinking water
Antibiotic residues
Antimicrobial resistance
Risk assessment
Treatment
title Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria
title_full Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria
title_fullStr Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria
title_short Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria
title_sort risk assessment and photo disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistant bacteria in water sources from ede nigeria
topic Drinking water
Antibiotic residues
Antimicrobial resistance
Risk assessment
Treatment
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402417569X
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