Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation.
Clostridium perfringens Delta toxin is one of the three hemolysin-like proteins produced by C. perfringens type C and possibly type B strains. One of the others, NetB, has been shown to be the major cause of Avian Nectrotic Enteritis, which following the reduction in use of antibiotics as growth pro...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2013-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066673&type=printable |
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| author | Jessica Huyet Claire E Naylor Christos G Savva Maryse Gibert Michel R Popoff Ajit K Basak |
| author_facet | Jessica Huyet Claire E Naylor Christos G Savva Maryse Gibert Michel R Popoff Ajit K Basak |
| author_sort | Jessica Huyet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clostridium perfringens Delta toxin is one of the three hemolysin-like proteins produced by C. perfringens type C and possibly type B strains. One of the others, NetB, has been shown to be the major cause of Avian Nectrotic Enteritis, which following the reduction in use of antibiotics as growth promoters, has become an emerging disease of industrial poultry. Delta toxin itself is cytotoxic to the wide range of human and animal macrophages and platelets that present GM2 ganglioside on their membranes. It has sequence similarity with Staphylococcus aureus β-pore forming toxins and is expected to heptamerize and form pores in the lipid bilayer of host cell membranes. Nevertheless, its exact mode of action remains undetermined. Here we report the 2.4 Å crystal structure of monomeric Delta toxin. The superposition of this structure with the structure of the phospholipid-bound F component of S. aureus leucocidin (LukF) revealed that the glycerol molecules bound to Delta toxin and the phospholipids in LukF are accommodated in the same hydrophobic clefts, corresponding to where the toxin is expected to latch onto the membrane, though the binding sites show significant differences. From structure-based sequence alignment with the known structure of staphylococcal α-hemolysin, a model of the Delta toxin pore form has been built. Using electron microscopy, we have validated our model and characterized the Delta toxin pore on liposomes. These results highlight both similarities and differences in the mechanism of Delta toxin (and by extension NetB) cytotoxicity from that of the staphylococcal pore-forming toxins. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3f5651218b94a3cb97156e8a284cdec |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3f5651218b94a3cb97156e8a284cdec2025-08-20T02:30:38ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0186e6667310.1371/journal.pone.0066673Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation.Jessica HuyetClaire E NaylorChristos G SavvaMaryse GibertMichel R PopoffAjit K BasakClostridium perfringens Delta toxin is one of the three hemolysin-like proteins produced by C. perfringens type C and possibly type B strains. One of the others, NetB, has been shown to be the major cause of Avian Nectrotic Enteritis, which following the reduction in use of antibiotics as growth promoters, has become an emerging disease of industrial poultry. Delta toxin itself is cytotoxic to the wide range of human and animal macrophages and platelets that present GM2 ganglioside on their membranes. It has sequence similarity with Staphylococcus aureus β-pore forming toxins and is expected to heptamerize and form pores in the lipid bilayer of host cell membranes. Nevertheless, its exact mode of action remains undetermined. Here we report the 2.4 Å crystal structure of monomeric Delta toxin. The superposition of this structure with the structure of the phospholipid-bound F component of S. aureus leucocidin (LukF) revealed that the glycerol molecules bound to Delta toxin and the phospholipids in LukF are accommodated in the same hydrophobic clefts, corresponding to where the toxin is expected to latch onto the membrane, though the binding sites show significant differences. From structure-based sequence alignment with the known structure of staphylococcal α-hemolysin, a model of the Delta toxin pore form has been built. Using electron microscopy, we have validated our model and characterized the Delta toxin pore on liposomes. These results highlight both similarities and differences in the mechanism of Delta toxin (and by extension NetB) cytotoxicity from that of the staphylococcal pore-forming toxins.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066673&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Jessica Huyet Claire E Naylor Christos G Savva Maryse Gibert Michel R Popoff Ajit K Basak Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation. PLoS ONE |
| title | Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation. |
| title_full | Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation. |
| title_fullStr | Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation. |
| title_short | Structural Insights into Clostridium perfringens Delta Toxin Pore Formation. |
| title_sort | structural insights into clostridium perfringens delta toxin pore formation |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066673&type=printable |
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