Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Pterostilbene (PTS) has multiple benefits, but poor water solubility and bioavailability limit its application. PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes were synthesized through the phase solubility method to enhance their water solubility. The inclusion complexes were characterized through Fourier transform in...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Chuan-Chao Wu Long Qian Zhen Rong Yu-Qi Li Hui-Min Zhang Rui-Yu He Guo-Qiang Zhang |
| author_facet | Chuan-Chao Wu Long Qian Zhen Rong Yu-Qi Li Hui-Min Zhang Rui-Yu He Guo-Qiang Zhang |
| author_sort | Chuan-Chao Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pterostilbene (PTS) has multiple benefits, but poor water solubility and bioavailability limit its application. PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes were synthesized through the phase solubility method to enhance their water solubility. The inclusion complexes were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular docking techniques. The results demonstrated that PTS and β-CD successfully created inclusion complexes with a host–guest ratio of 1:1 and a stability constant of 166.7 M<sup>−1</sup>. To further investigate its prebiotic function, simulated digestion experiments revealed that β-CD exhibited resistance to digestion, allowing it to reach the colon intact. During gastrointestinal digestion, PTS in the PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes was gradually released. Following digestion, the in vitro fermentation of healthy human feces further confirmed the probiotic properties. Compared to the β-CD and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) groups, the PTS/β-CD group significantly increased the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid, respectively. Additionally, beneficial bacteria, such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, proliferated in the PTS/β-CD group, while the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Klebsiella</i>, was significantly reduced. Compared to the blank group, propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in the β-CD group were significantly higher. The abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and other key bacterial species in the β-CD group increased, while the relative abundance of <i>Klebsiella</i> and other pathogens decreased significantly. In conclusion, PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes altered the composition of intestinal flora, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, thereby demonstrating dual probiotic functionality. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3eb7229ee3046939d5289f8d6704baa2025-08-20T03:43:34ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01306136310.3390/molecules30061363Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion ComplexesChuan-Chao Wu0Long Qian1Zhen Rong2Yu-Qi Li3Hui-Min Zhang4Rui-Yu He5Guo-Qiang Zhang6College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaPterostilbene (PTS) has multiple benefits, but poor water solubility and bioavailability limit its application. PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes were synthesized through the phase solubility method to enhance their water solubility. The inclusion complexes were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular docking techniques. The results demonstrated that PTS and β-CD successfully created inclusion complexes with a host–guest ratio of 1:1 and a stability constant of 166.7 M<sup>−1</sup>. To further investigate its prebiotic function, simulated digestion experiments revealed that β-CD exhibited resistance to digestion, allowing it to reach the colon intact. During gastrointestinal digestion, PTS in the PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes was gradually released. Following digestion, the in vitro fermentation of healthy human feces further confirmed the probiotic properties. Compared to the β-CD and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) groups, the PTS/β-CD group significantly increased the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid, respectively. Additionally, beneficial bacteria, such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, proliferated in the PTS/β-CD group, while the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Klebsiella</i>, was significantly reduced. Compared to the blank group, propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in the β-CD group were significantly higher. The abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and other key bacterial species in the β-CD group increased, while the relative abundance of <i>Klebsiella</i> and other pathogens decreased significantly. In conclusion, PTS/β-CD inclusion complexes altered the composition of intestinal flora, promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, thereby demonstrating dual probiotic functionality.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1363pterostilbeneβ-cyclodextrininclusion complexesprebioticshort chain fatty acidsgut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Chuan-Chao Wu Long Qian Zhen Rong Yu-Qi Li Hui-Min Zhang Rui-Yu He Guo-Qiang Zhang Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Molecules pterostilbene β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prebiotic short chain fatty acids gut microbiota |
| title | Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes |
| title_full | Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes |
| title_short | Characterization and In Vitro Prebiotic Activity of Pterostilbene/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes |
| title_sort | characterization and in vitro prebiotic activity of pterostilbene β cyclodextrin inclusion complexes |
| topic | pterostilbene β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes prebiotic short chain fatty acids gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1363 |
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