Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program

The impact of leaders on organizational success has been widely documented, and consequently, the leadership training industry has expanded over the past decades. However, this investment has not consistently translated into better leaders. Leadership intervention programs have received notable crit...

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Main Authors: A. Rui Gomes, Catarina Morais
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/601
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author A. Rui Gomes
Catarina Morais
author_facet A. Rui Gomes
Catarina Morais
author_sort A. Rui Gomes
collection DOAJ
description The impact of leaders on organizational success has been widely documented, and consequently, the leadership training industry has expanded over the past decades. However, this investment has not consistently translated into better leaders. Leadership intervention programs have received notable criticism, including (a) lacking individualization (‘one size fits all’ approach), (b) an emphasis on pre-defined skills, and (c) insufficient consideration of context, disregarding other members’ and organizations’ characteristics. This paper introduces and discusses Pro●Leader, an intervention program based on the Leadership Efficacy Model (LEM), which aims to promote leadership through a comprehensive approach to training. In essence, LEM proposes that leadership efficacy increases if leaders are congruent in how they intend to exert leadership (conceptual cycle of leadership) and how they indeed implement the leadership (practical cycle of leadership), considering also the leadership behaviors they display when exerting influence (leadership styles), as well as their own, team members’, and contextual characteristics (antecedent factors). The Pro●Leader intervention program is structured according to the LEM and trains participants across these three components: leadership cycles, styles, and antecedent factors.
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spelling doaj-art-c3e24fc5888840dd961aa9553fffd13f2025-08-20T03:47:50ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-04-0115560110.3390/bs15050601Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention ProgramA. Rui Gomes0Catarina Morais1Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalResearch Centre for Human Development, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, PortugalThe impact of leaders on organizational success has been widely documented, and consequently, the leadership training industry has expanded over the past decades. However, this investment has not consistently translated into better leaders. Leadership intervention programs have received notable criticism, including (a) lacking individualization (‘one size fits all’ approach), (b) an emphasis on pre-defined skills, and (c) insufficient consideration of context, disregarding other members’ and organizations’ characteristics. This paper introduces and discusses Pro●Leader, an intervention program based on the Leadership Efficacy Model (LEM), which aims to promote leadership through a comprehensive approach to training. In essence, LEM proposes that leadership efficacy increases if leaders are congruent in how they intend to exert leadership (conceptual cycle of leadership) and how they indeed implement the leadership (practical cycle of leadership), considering also the leadership behaviors they display when exerting influence (leadership styles), as well as their own, team members’, and contextual characteristics (antecedent factors). The Pro●Leader intervention program is structured according to the LEM and trains participants across these three components: leadership cycles, styles, and antecedent factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/601leadership trainingLeadership Efficacy Modelleadership stylesleadership planleadership cycles
spellingShingle A. Rui Gomes
Catarina Morais
Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program
Behavioral Sciences
leadership training
Leadership Efficacy Model
leadership styles
leadership plan
leadership cycles
title Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program
title_full Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program
title_fullStr Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program
title_full_unstemmed Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program
title_short Developing Leadership: The Integrative Approach of Pro●Leader Intervention Program
title_sort developing leadership the integrative approach of pro●leader intervention program
topic leadership training
Leadership Efficacy Model
leadership styles
leadership plan
leadership cycles
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/5/601
work_keys_str_mv AT aruigomes developingleadershiptheintegrativeapproachofproleaderinterventionprogram
AT catarinamorais developingleadershiptheintegrativeapproachofproleaderinterventionprogram