Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas
IntroductionThis study aims to identify and characterize four Trichoderma isolates using molecular techniques, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiling.MethodsThe antagonistic activity of these isolates was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum f....
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1583114/full |
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| author | Ranjna Kumari Vipul Kumar Bhupendra Koul Mohammad Abul Farah Awdhesh Kumar Mishra |
| author_facet | Ranjna Kumari Vipul Kumar Bhupendra Koul Mohammad Abul Farah Awdhesh Kumar Mishra |
| author_sort | Ranjna Kumari |
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| description | IntroductionThis study aims to identify and characterize four Trichoderma isolates using molecular techniques, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiling.MethodsThe antagonistic activity of these isolates was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC) and Sclerotium rolfsii (SR) using a dual culture technique. The synergistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum (accession no. PP256488) combined with biochar (BC) was evaluated for plant growth enhancement and disease suppression. Four Trichoderma isolates (T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens, and T. lixii) were identified through ITS region analysis, VOC profiling, and FTIR spectroscopy.ResultsMolecular analysis confirmed their distinct identities, and GC-MS analysis revealed 37 VOCs out of 162 with antipathogenic properties. Unique FTIR peaks were recorded at 3271.96 cm−1 for T. virens, 2800–2900 cm−1 for T. asperellum, and 2850–2950 cm−1 for both T. lixii and T. harzianum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of T. harzianum revealed mycoparasitic structures, including hyphal coils, penetration holes, and appressoria, indicating effective pathogen interaction. The combined application of Trichoderma and biochar (T9) significantly enhanced root length (9.23 cm), plant height (26.03 cm), and root mass (43.33 g) in chickpea plants. Moreover, treatments (T9) and (T10) reduced the disease incidence in chickpeas, decreasing fusarium wilt by 27% and collar rot by 33%, respectively.ConclusionThis sustainable approach exhibits the potential of combined application of Trichoderma and biochar which can enhance plant growth and reduce disease incidence, and improve food security. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3d565b020aa4074b002b58879f737a72025-08-20T03:48:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-05-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15831141583114Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeasRanjna Kumari0Vipul Kumar1Bhupendra Koul2Mohammad Abul Farah3Awdhesh Kumar Mishra4Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of KoreaIntroductionThis study aims to identify and characterize four Trichoderma isolates using molecular techniques, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiling.MethodsThe antagonistic activity of these isolates was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC) and Sclerotium rolfsii (SR) using a dual culture technique. The synergistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum (accession no. PP256488) combined with biochar (BC) was evaluated for plant growth enhancement and disease suppression. Four Trichoderma isolates (T. harzianum, T. asperellum, T. virens, and T. lixii) were identified through ITS region analysis, VOC profiling, and FTIR spectroscopy.ResultsMolecular analysis confirmed their distinct identities, and GC-MS analysis revealed 37 VOCs out of 162 with antipathogenic properties. Unique FTIR peaks were recorded at 3271.96 cm−1 for T. virens, 2800–2900 cm−1 for T. asperellum, and 2850–2950 cm−1 for both T. lixii and T. harzianum. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of T. harzianum revealed mycoparasitic structures, including hyphal coils, penetration holes, and appressoria, indicating effective pathogen interaction. The combined application of Trichoderma and biochar (T9) significantly enhanced root length (9.23 cm), plant height (26.03 cm), and root mass (43.33 g) in chickpea plants. Moreover, treatments (T9) and (T10) reduced the disease incidence in chickpeas, decreasing fusarium wilt by 27% and collar rot by 33%, respectively.ConclusionThis sustainable approach exhibits the potential of combined application of Trichoderma and biochar which can enhance plant growth and reduce disease incidence, and improve food security.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1583114/fullFTIR-ATR spectroscopyspectral signatureSEMTrichodermabiochar (BC)phytopathogens |
| spellingShingle | Ranjna Kumari Vipul Kumar Bhupendra Koul Mohammad Abul Farah Awdhesh Kumar Mishra Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas Frontiers in Microbiology FTIR-ATR spectroscopy spectral signature SEM Trichoderma biochar (BC) phytopathogens |
| title | Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas |
| title_full | Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas |
| title_short | Synergistic effects of Trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil-borne phytopathogens in chickpeas |
| title_sort | synergistic effects of trichoderma and biochar on the biocontrol of two soil borne phytopathogens in chickpeas |
| topic | FTIR-ATR spectroscopy spectral signature SEM Trichoderma biochar (BC) phytopathogens |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1583114/full |
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