Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species

Abstract Background The lacertid genus Mesalina has been the subject of several phylogenetic and biogeographic studies as well as taxonomic revisions within the last decade. The genus is partitioned into seven main clades, some of which represent species complexes of morphologically very similar spe...

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Main Authors: Jiří Šmíd, Doubravka Velenská, Lukáš Pola, Karin Tamar, Salem Busais, Mohammed Shobrak, Mohammed Almutairi, Al Faqih Ali Salim, Saad Dasman Alsubaie, Raed Hamoud M. AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi AlGethami, Abdulkarim Saleh K Alanazi, Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari, Damien M. Egan, Ricardo O. Ramalho, David Olson, Josh Smithson, Laurent Chirio, Marius Burger, Ryan van Huyssteen, Melissa A. Petford, Salvador Carranza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Zoology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-025-00233-3
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author Jiří Šmíd
Doubravka Velenská
Lukáš Pola
Karin Tamar
Salem Busais
Mohammed Shobrak
Mohammed Almutairi
Al Faqih Ali Salim
Saad Dasman Alsubaie
Raed Hamoud M. AlGethami
Abdulaziz Raqi AlGethami
Abdulkarim Saleh K Alanazi
Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari
Damien M. Egan
Ricardo O. Ramalho
David Olson
Josh Smithson
Laurent Chirio
Marius Burger
Ryan van Huyssteen
Melissa A. Petford
Salvador Carranza
author_facet Jiří Šmíd
Doubravka Velenská
Lukáš Pola
Karin Tamar
Salem Busais
Mohammed Shobrak
Mohammed Almutairi
Al Faqih Ali Salim
Saad Dasman Alsubaie
Raed Hamoud M. AlGethami
Abdulaziz Raqi AlGethami
Abdulkarim Saleh K Alanazi
Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari
Damien M. Egan
Ricardo O. Ramalho
David Olson
Josh Smithson
Laurent Chirio
Marius Burger
Ryan van Huyssteen
Melissa A. Petford
Salvador Carranza
author_sort Jiří Šmíd
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The lacertid genus Mesalina has been the subject of several phylogenetic and biogeographic studies as well as taxonomic revisions within the last decade. The genus is partitioned into seven main clades, some of which represent species complexes of morphologically very similar species. The Mesalina guttulata species complex is one such case. This complex currently comprises four described species that occur through Arabia and northern Africa, however, the presence of a cryptic species in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Jordan was pointed out recently. For this study, we collected new material of the various species of the M. guttulata complex, including the undescribed lineage from across Saudi Arabia. We carried out multilocus phylogenetic analyses using three mitochondrial and three nuclear markers and analysis of morphological data to verify whether the undescribed lineage deserves a species rank. Results The results show that the lineage is clearly genetically separated from the other species of the complex and shows morphological differentiation from the other species. Therefore, we describe it herein as a new species, Mesalina cryptica sp. nov. Conclusions We contribute to the taxonomy of Arabian lacertid lizards by describing a new species distributed in central Saudi Arabia, with isolated populations occurring in Kuwait and Jordan. Despite its large range, the species is genetically and morphologically homogeneous. The gap in its distribution between the Jordan and Saudi Arabia populations is ascribable to the paucity of sampling along the Saudi/Iraqi border.
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spelling doaj-art-c3d04dbeffb04146a2bb3e6981b87c1e2025-08-20T04:01:34ZengBMCBMC Zoology2056-31322025-07-0110111610.1186/s40850-025-00233-3Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new speciesJiří Šmíd0Doubravka Velenská1Lukáš Pola2Karin Tamar3Salem Busais4Mohammed Shobrak5Mohammed Almutairi6Al Faqih Ali Salim7Saad Dasman Alsubaie8Raed Hamoud M. AlGethami9Abdulaziz Raqi AlGethami10Abdulkarim Saleh K Alanazi11Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari12Damien M. Egan13Ricardo O. Ramalho14David Olson15Josh Smithson16Laurent Chirio17Marius Burger18Ryan van Huyssteen19Melissa A. Petford20Salvador Carranza21Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityInstitute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra)Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of AdenTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeTerrestrial wildlife conservation department, National Center for WildlifeBiology department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha’ilNatural History Collective VenturesKAUST Beacon Development, KAUST National Transformation Institute, Innovation Cluster, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyNEOM Nature Reserve, NEOMPrince Mohammed bin Salman Royal Reserve Development AuthorityLycée Saint-ExupéryFLORA FAUNA & MAN, Ecological Services LtdFLORA FAUNA & MAN, Ecological Services LtdFLORA FAUNA & MAN, Ecological Services LtdInstitute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra)Abstract Background The lacertid genus Mesalina has been the subject of several phylogenetic and biogeographic studies as well as taxonomic revisions within the last decade. The genus is partitioned into seven main clades, some of which represent species complexes of morphologically very similar species. The Mesalina guttulata species complex is one such case. This complex currently comprises four described species that occur through Arabia and northern Africa, however, the presence of a cryptic species in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Jordan was pointed out recently. For this study, we collected new material of the various species of the M. guttulata complex, including the undescribed lineage from across Saudi Arabia. We carried out multilocus phylogenetic analyses using three mitochondrial and three nuclear markers and analysis of morphological data to verify whether the undescribed lineage deserves a species rank. Results The results show that the lineage is clearly genetically separated from the other species of the complex and shows morphological differentiation from the other species. Therefore, we describe it herein as a new species, Mesalina cryptica sp. nov. Conclusions We contribute to the taxonomy of Arabian lacertid lizards by describing a new species distributed in central Saudi Arabia, with isolated populations occurring in Kuwait and Jordan. Despite its large range, the species is genetically and morphologically homogeneous. The gap in its distribution between the Jordan and Saudi Arabia populations is ascribable to the paucity of sampling along the Saudi/Iraqi border.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-025-00233-3LizardsMesopotamiaMiddle EastSauriaSquamatesReptiles
spellingShingle Jiří Šmíd
Doubravka Velenská
Lukáš Pola
Karin Tamar
Salem Busais
Mohammed Shobrak
Mohammed Almutairi
Al Faqih Ali Salim
Saad Dasman Alsubaie
Raed Hamoud M. AlGethami
Abdulaziz Raqi AlGethami
Abdulkarim Saleh K Alanazi
Ahmed Mohajja Alshammari
Damien M. Egan
Ricardo O. Ramalho
David Olson
Josh Smithson
Laurent Chirio
Marius Burger
Ryan van Huyssteen
Melissa A. Petford
Salvador Carranza
Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species
BMC Zoology
Lizards
Mesopotamia
Middle East
Sauria
Squamates
Reptiles
title Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species
title_full Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species
title_fullStr Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species
title_full_unstemmed Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species
title_short Phylogeny and systematics of Arabian lacertids from the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of a new species
title_sort phylogeny and systematics of arabian lacertids from the mesalina guttulata species complex squamata lacertidae with the description of a new species
topic Lizards
Mesopotamia
Middle East
Sauria
Squamates
Reptiles
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-025-00233-3
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