Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods

This article presents the mechanical behavior of corroded steel beams that have been strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) layers in order to mitigate the effects of corrosion. Six beams are analyzed experimentally, including unreinforced and CFRP-reinforced specimens, with regard...

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Main Authors: Amin Shabani Ammari, Younes Nouri, Habib Ghasemi Jouneghani, Seyed Amin Hosseini, Arash Rayegani, Mehrdad Ebrahimi, Pooria Heydari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525007648
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author Amin Shabani Ammari
Younes Nouri
Habib Ghasemi Jouneghani
Seyed Amin Hosseini
Arash Rayegani
Mehrdad Ebrahimi
Pooria Heydari
author_facet Amin Shabani Ammari
Younes Nouri
Habib Ghasemi Jouneghani
Seyed Amin Hosseini
Arash Rayegani
Mehrdad Ebrahimi
Pooria Heydari
author_sort Amin Shabani Ammari
collection DOAJ
description This article presents the mechanical behavior of corroded steel beams that have been strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) layers in order to mitigate the effects of corrosion. Six beams are analyzed experimentally, including unreinforced and CFRP-reinforced specimens, with regard to the corrosion percentage, location, and shape on strength, ductility, and modes of failure. In the beam with 50 % corrosion, reinforcing with CFRP compensated for the strength reduction. In the beam with 100 % corrosion, after CFRP reinforcement, the strength was only 4 % lower than that of the control beam. A new end anchorage system was developed to avoid CFRP slippage, ensuring full utilization of its tensile capacity. Numerical modeling further validated the experimental results and then numerical specimens were used for parametric and Machine Learning (ML) studies. The results indicated that corrosion in the upper flange gave the most severe strength reduction up to 39.7 %, although this was effectively mitigated by CFRP reinforcement. The ML prediction showed that the CatBoost algorithm had the highest accuracy, with an R2 score of 0.954. Additionally, the feature importance analysis revealed that the location and level of the corrosion are the most influential features affecting the reduction in the capacity of the corroded beam.
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spelling doaj-art-c3cb36ef3bda4fe289d5ace074c98c012025-08-20T03:32:14ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-12-0123e0496610.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04966Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methodsAmin Shabani Ammari0Younes Nouri1Habib Ghasemi Jouneghani2Seyed Amin Hosseini3Arash Rayegani4Mehrdad Ebrahimi5Pooria Heydari6Faculty of Marine Engineering, Chabahar Maritime University, Shahid Rigi Ave, Chabahar, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, IranCivil Engineering Department, ISISE, ARISE, University of Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranDepartment of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranDepartment of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, IranThis article presents the mechanical behavior of corroded steel beams that have been strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) layers in order to mitigate the effects of corrosion. Six beams are analyzed experimentally, including unreinforced and CFRP-reinforced specimens, with regard to the corrosion percentage, location, and shape on strength, ductility, and modes of failure. In the beam with 50 % corrosion, reinforcing with CFRP compensated for the strength reduction. In the beam with 100 % corrosion, after CFRP reinforcement, the strength was only 4 % lower than that of the control beam. A new end anchorage system was developed to avoid CFRP slippage, ensuring full utilization of its tensile capacity. Numerical modeling further validated the experimental results and then numerical specimens were used for parametric and Machine Learning (ML) studies. The results indicated that corrosion in the upper flange gave the most severe strength reduction up to 39.7 %, although this was effectively mitigated by CFRP reinforcement. The ML prediction showed that the CatBoost algorithm had the highest accuracy, with an R2 score of 0.954. Additionally, the feature importance analysis revealed that the location and level of the corrosion are the most influential features affecting the reduction in the capacity of the corroded beam.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525007648Corroded steel beamsCFRPFlexural strengtheningEnd anchorage systemFlexural performanceMachine learning methods
spellingShingle Amin Shabani Ammari
Younes Nouri
Habib Ghasemi Jouneghani
Seyed Amin Hosseini
Arash Rayegani
Mehrdad Ebrahimi
Pooria Heydari
Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Corroded steel beams
CFRP
Flexural strengthening
End anchorage system
Flexural performance
Machine learning methods
title Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods
title_full Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods
title_fullStr Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods
title_full_unstemmed Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods
title_short Flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with CFRP by using the end anchorage: Experimental, numerical, and machine learning methods
title_sort flexural strengthening of corroded steel beams with cfrp by using the end anchorage experimental numerical and machine learning methods
topic Corroded steel beams
CFRP
Flexural strengthening
End anchorage system
Flexural performance
Machine learning methods
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525007648
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