Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
ABSTRACT Aims This study determined the association of the glycaemia risk index (GRI), a novel comprehensive metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods We evaluated the relationship between GRI and intima‐media thickn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Diabetes |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70065 |
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| author | Keiichi Torimoto Yosuke Okada Tomoya Mita Kenichi Tanaka Fumiya Sato Naoto Katakami Hidenori Yoshii Keiko Nishida Yoshiya Tanaka Ryota Ishii Masahiko Gosho Iichiro Shimomura Hirotaka Watada |
| author_facet | Keiichi Torimoto Yosuke Okada Tomoya Mita Kenichi Tanaka Fumiya Sato Naoto Katakami Hidenori Yoshii Keiko Nishida Yoshiya Tanaka Ryota Ishii Masahiko Gosho Iichiro Shimomura Hirotaka Watada |
| author_sort | Keiichi Torimoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Aims This study determined the association of the glycaemia risk index (GRI), a novel comprehensive metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods We evaluated the relationship between GRI and intima‐media thickness (IMT), gray‐scale median (GSM), tissue characteristics of the carotid artery wall, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), using baseline data from a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1000 Japanese patients with T2DM free of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results The study subjects were 999 patients (age: 64.6 ± 9.6 years, mean ± SD, 60.9% males, body mass index: 24.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.1% ± 0.8%, TIR 78.9% ± 18.6%) with T2DM (duration of 12.9 ± 8.5 years). A higher GRI was associated with a longer duration of diabetes, a higher HbA1c level, a mean glucose level, and baPWV, and lower mean GSM. No association was noted between GRI and mean IMT. GRI was significantly associated with mean GSM (regression coefficient, β = −0.1277; 95% confidence interval: CI: −0.2165 to −0.0390, p = 0.005) and baPWV (regression coefficient, β = −3.1568; 95% CI: 1.5058 to 4.8079, p < 0.001) after adjustment for various cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions GRI is a potentially useful predictor of atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM. Our findings suggest that GRI, a marker of the risk of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, may serve as a clinically useful tool for the assessment of the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM, independent of the classical cardiovascular risk factors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c3bd241c55aa42dda336ab63a7e80ae2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1753-0393 1753-0407 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Diabetes |
| spelling | doaj-art-c3bd241c55aa42dda336ab63a7e80ae22025-08-20T02:48:24ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes1753-03931753-04072025-03-01173n/an/a10.1111/1753-0407.70065Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional StudyKeiichi Torimoto0Yosuke Okada1Tomoya Mita2Kenichi Tanaka3Fumiya Sato4Naoto Katakami5Hidenori Yoshii6Keiko Nishida7Yoshiya Tanaka8Ryota Ishii9Masahiko Gosho10Iichiro Shimomura11Hirotaka Watada12First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health Fukuoka JapanFirst Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health Fukuoka JapanDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo JapanFirst Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health Fukuoka JapanDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo JapanDepartment of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka JapanDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo JapanNishida Keiko Diabetes Clinic Fukuoka JapanFirst Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health Fukuoka JapanDepartment of Biostatistics Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki JapanDepartment of Biostatistics Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki JapanDepartment of Metabolic Medicine Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka JapanDepartment of Metabolism & Endocrinology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo JapanABSTRACT Aims This study determined the association of the glycaemia risk index (GRI), a novel comprehensive metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods We evaluated the relationship between GRI and intima‐media thickness (IMT), gray‐scale median (GSM), tissue characteristics of the carotid artery wall, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), using baseline data from a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1000 Japanese patients with T2DM free of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Results The study subjects were 999 patients (age: 64.6 ± 9.6 years, mean ± SD, 60.9% males, body mass index: 24.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.1% ± 0.8%, TIR 78.9% ± 18.6%) with T2DM (duration of 12.9 ± 8.5 years). A higher GRI was associated with a longer duration of diabetes, a higher HbA1c level, a mean glucose level, and baPWV, and lower mean GSM. No association was noted between GRI and mean IMT. GRI was significantly associated with mean GSM (regression coefficient, β = −0.1277; 95% confidence interval: CI: −0.2165 to −0.0390, p = 0.005) and baPWV (regression coefficient, β = −3.1568; 95% CI: 1.5058 to 4.8079, p < 0.001) after adjustment for various cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions GRI is a potentially useful predictor of atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM. Our findings suggest that GRI, a marker of the risk of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, may serve as a clinically useful tool for the assessment of the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM, independent of the classical cardiovascular risk factors.https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70065atherosclerosiscontinuous glucose monitoring (CGM)flash glucose monitoring (FGM)glycaemia risk index (GRI)time in range (TIR)type 2 diabetes (T2DM) |
| spellingShingle | Keiichi Torimoto Yosuke Okada Tomoya Mita Kenichi Tanaka Fumiya Sato Naoto Katakami Hidenori Yoshii Keiko Nishida Yoshiya Tanaka Ryota Ishii Masahiko Gosho Iichiro Shimomura Hirotaka Watada Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study Journal of Diabetes atherosclerosis continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) flash glucose monitoring (FGM) glycaemia risk index (GRI) time in range (TIR) type 2 diabetes (T2DM) |
| title | Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_full | Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_short | Association of Glycaemia Risk Index With Indices of Atherosclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_sort | association of glycaemia risk index with indices of atherosclerosis a cross sectional study |
| topic | atherosclerosis continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) flash glucose monitoring (FGM) glycaemia risk index (GRI) time in range (TIR) type 2 diabetes (T2DM) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.70065 |
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