The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis

<b>Background:</b> Due to their antibacterial activities, essential oils can be potential alternatives to antibiotics in certain cases. West Indian lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) essential oil (LEO) is effective against a broad range of bacteria by inhibiting spore f...

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Main Authors: György Schneider, Bettina Schweitzer, Anita S. Steinbach, Ágnes S. Hodován, Marianna Horváth, Eszter Bakó, Anna Mayer, Szilárd Pál
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/241
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author György Schneider
Bettina Schweitzer
Anita S. Steinbach
Ágnes S. Hodován
Marianna Horváth
Eszter Bakó
Anna Mayer
Szilárd Pál
author_facet György Schneider
Bettina Schweitzer
Anita S. Steinbach
Ágnes S. Hodován
Marianna Horváth
Eszter Bakó
Anna Mayer
Szilárd Pál
author_sort György Schneider
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Due to their antibacterial activities, essential oils can be potential alternatives to antibiotics in certain cases. West Indian lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) essential oil (LEO) is effective against a broad range of bacteria by inhibiting spore formation, and is considered safe. In this study, we demonstrated its therapeutical potential in the treatment of pitted keratolysis (PK), a superficial skin infection affecting the pressure-bearing areas of plantar surfaces. <b>Methods:</b> For in vitro antibacterial efficacy testing, LEO was mixed into different ointment bases, including Hydrogelum methylcellulose FoNo VIII., Ungentum oleosum FoNo VIII. (Ung. oleoso), Unguentum stearini FoNo VIII. (Ung. stearin), and Vaselinum cholesterinatum FoNo VIII. (Vasel. cholest.), at different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5%. These formulations were tested on representatives of three bacterial species associated with PK: <i>Kytococcus sedentarius</i>, <i>Dermatophilus congolensis</i>, and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. <b>Results:</b> In the in vitro tests, Hydrogelum methylcellulose (HM) gel best supported the antibacterial effects of LEO, reducing the number of living bacteria on agar plates by 4–5 orders of magnitude in a concentration-dependent manner during the 30 min exposure times. This was also confirmed by the Franz diffusion cell drug release test; after 30 min, several active compounds could be detected in the HM samples, in contrast to the other bases. Shelf-life experiments showed that the HM base supported the antibacterial features of 3% LEO for at least 2 years without significant loss of efficacy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study highlights that ointments containing essential oils potentially have a place in the treatment of PK. Therefore, antibiotics may potentially be replaced for the treatment of PK, thereby reducing environmental antibiotic pressure, which is one of the driving forces behind the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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spelling doaj-art-c3baaa804fdc4173b92df28ec8dd78df2025-08-20T03:40:43ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-02-0114324110.3390/antibiotics14030241The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted KeratolysisGyörgy Schneider0Bettina Schweitzer1Anita S. Steinbach2Ágnes S. Hodován3Marianna Horváth4Eszter Bakó5Anna Mayer6Szilárd Pál7Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti st. 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti st. 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti st. 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti st. 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti st. 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői st. 26., H-1085 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti st. 12., H-7624 Pécs, HungaryInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus str. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary<b>Background:</b> Due to their antibacterial activities, essential oils can be potential alternatives to antibiotics in certain cases. West Indian lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) essential oil (LEO) is effective against a broad range of bacteria by inhibiting spore formation, and is considered safe. In this study, we demonstrated its therapeutical potential in the treatment of pitted keratolysis (PK), a superficial skin infection affecting the pressure-bearing areas of plantar surfaces. <b>Methods:</b> For in vitro antibacterial efficacy testing, LEO was mixed into different ointment bases, including Hydrogelum methylcellulose FoNo VIII., Ungentum oleosum FoNo VIII. (Ung. oleoso), Unguentum stearini FoNo VIII. (Ung. stearin), and Vaselinum cholesterinatum FoNo VIII. (Vasel. cholest.), at different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5%. These formulations were tested on representatives of three bacterial species associated with PK: <i>Kytococcus sedentarius</i>, <i>Dermatophilus congolensis</i>, and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>. <b>Results:</b> In the in vitro tests, Hydrogelum methylcellulose (HM) gel best supported the antibacterial effects of LEO, reducing the number of living bacteria on agar plates by 4–5 orders of magnitude in a concentration-dependent manner during the 30 min exposure times. This was also confirmed by the Franz diffusion cell drug release test; after 30 min, several active compounds could be detected in the HM samples, in contrast to the other bases. Shelf-life experiments showed that the HM base supported the antibacterial features of 3% LEO for at least 2 years without significant loss of efficacy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study highlights that ointments containing essential oils potentially have a place in the treatment of PK. Therefore, antibiotics may potentially be replaced for the treatment of PK, thereby reducing environmental antibiotic pressure, which is one of the driving forces behind the spread of antibiotic resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/241Indian lemongrasspitted keratolysisessential oil-based ointment
spellingShingle György Schneider
Bettina Schweitzer
Anita S. Steinbach
Ágnes S. Hodován
Marianna Horváth
Eszter Bakó
Anna Mayer
Szilárd Pál
The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
Antibiotics
Indian lemongrass
pitted keratolysis
essential oil-based ointment
title The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
title_full The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
title_fullStr The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
title_full_unstemmed The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
title_short The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon citratus</i>) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
title_sort therapeutic potential of west indian lemongrass i cymbopogon citratus i essential oil based ointment in the treatment of pitted keratolysis
topic Indian lemongrass
pitted keratolysis
essential oil-based ointment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/241
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