Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals

Abstract This paper presents a novel, explainable feature engineering framework for classifying EEG and ECG signals with high accuracy. The proposed method employs the Order Transition Pattern (OTPat) feature extractor. The presented OTPat feature extractor captures both channel/column-based pattern...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mehmet Ali Gelen, Prabal Datta Barua, Irem Tasci, Gulay Tasci, Emrah Aydemir, Sengul Dogan, Turker Tuncer, U. R. Acharya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00071-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850280093934419968
author Mehmet Ali Gelen
Prabal Datta Barua
Irem Tasci
Gulay Tasci
Emrah Aydemir
Sengul Dogan
Turker Tuncer
U. R. Acharya
author_facet Mehmet Ali Gelen
Prabal Datta Barua
Irem Tasci
Gulay Tasci
Emrah Aydemir
Sengul Dogan
Turker Tuncer
U. R. Acharya
author_sort Mehmet Ali Gelen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper presents a novel, explainable feature engineering framework for classifying EEG and ECG signals with high accuracy. The proposed method employs the Order Transition Pattern (OTPat) feature extractor. The presented OTPat feature extractor captures both channel/column-based patterns (spatial features) using all channels for each point and signal/row-based patterns (temporal features) by extracting features from individual channels using overlapping blocks. The extracted features are then refined using cumulative weighted iterative neighborhood component analysis (CWINCA) for feature selection and classified with a t‑algorithm k‑nearest neighbors (tkNN) classifier. Finally, two symbolic languages, Directed Lobish (DLob) and Cardioish, generate interpretable results in the form of cortical and cardiac connectome diagrams. The OTPat-based XFE model achieves over 95% accuracy on several EEG and ECG datasets and reaches 86.07% accuracy on an 8‑class EEG artifact dataset. These results demonstrate high performance and clear interpretability, highlighting the model’s potential for robust biomedical signal classification.
format Article
id doaj-art-c3a9c631f93e4ed8a4ee4ac9225df838
institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-c3a9c631f93e4ed8a4ee4ac9225df8382025-08-20T01:48:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-00071-wNovel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signalsMehmet Ali Gelen0Prabal Datta Barua1Irem Tasci2Gulay Tasci3Emrah Aydemir4Sengul Dogan5Turker Tuncer6U. R. Acharya7Department of Cardiology, Elazig Fethi Sekin City HospitalSchool of Business (Information System), University of Southern QueenslandDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Firat UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Elazig Fethi Sekin City HospitalDepartment of Management Information Systems, Management Faculty, Sakarya UniversityDepartment of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat UniversityDepartment of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat UniversitySchool of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern QueenslandAbstract This paper presents a novel, explainable feature engineering framework for classifying EEG and ECG signals with high accuracy. The proposed method employs the Order Transition Pattern (OTPat) feature extractor. The presented OTPat feature extractor captures both channel/column-based patterns (spatial features) using all channels for each point and signal/row-based patterns (temporal features) by extracting features from individual channels using overlapping blocks. The extracted features are then refined using cumulative weighted iterative neighborhood component analysis (CWINCA) for feature selection and classified with a t‑algorithm k‑nearest neighbors (tkNN) classifier. Finally, two symbolic languages, Directed Lobish (DLob) and Cardioish, generate interpretable results in the form of cortical and cardiac connectome diagrams. The OTPat-based XFE model achieves over 95% accuracy on several EEG and ECG datasets and reaches 86.07% accuracy on an 8‑class EEG artifact dataset. These results demonstrate high performance and clear interpretability, highlighting the model’s potential for robust biomedical signal classification.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00071-wOTPatExplainable feature engineeringBiomedical signal classificationTkNNDirected lobishCardioish
spellingShingle Mehmet Ali Gelen
Prabal Datta Barua
Irem Tasci
Gulay Tasci
Emrah Aydemir
Sengul Dogan
Turker Tuncer
U. R. Acharya
Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
Scientific Reports
OTPat
Explainable feature engineering
Biomedical signal classification
TkNN
Directed lobish
Cardioish
title Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
title_full Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
title_fullStr Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
title_full_unstemmed Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
title_short Novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
title_sort novel accurate classification system developed using order transition pattern feature engineering technique with physiological signals
topic OTPat
Explainable feature engineering
Biomedical signal classification
TkNN
Directed lobish
Cardioish
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00071-w
work_keys_str_mv AT mehmetaligelen novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT prabaldattabarua novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT iremtasci novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT gulaytasci novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT emrahaydemir novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT senguldogan novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT turkertuncer novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals
AT uracharya novelaccurateclassificationsystemdevelopedusingordertransitionpatternfeatureengineeringtechniquewithphysiologicalsignals