Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS

Abstract The volatile substances fingerprinting of celery under three different light conditions was established using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Supplementary light intensity was set at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 with light durations of 6 h d−1 (T1) and 10 h d−1 (T2), and celery g...

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Main Authors: Zhengnan Yan, Haokai Wang, Zhixin Li, Jinxiu Song, Fang Ji, Yanjie Yang, Duo Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Plant Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07045-0
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author Zhengnan Yan
Haokai Wang
Zhixin Li
Jinxiu Song
Fang Ji
Yanjie Yang
Duo Lin
author_facet Zhengnan Yan
Haokai Wang
Zhixin Li
Jinxiu Song
Fang Ji
Yanjie Yang
Duo Lin
author_sort Zhengnan Yan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The volatile substances fingerprinting of celery under three different light conditions was established using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Supplementary light intensity was set at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 with light durations of 6 h d−1 (T1) and 10 h d−1 (T2), and celery grown under natural light only was used as the control. The results indicated that the highest values of fresh and dry weights were recorded under the T2 treatment. A total of 59 volatile compounds of celery were detected, including olefins, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and furans. In addition, flavor differences in celery at different supplementary light duration were revealed, with beta-bourbonene, beta-ocimene-D, alpha-pinene-D, (E)-2-hexen-1-al-D, limonene-D, and beta-myrcene-M as the main contributors to observed differences in VOC profiles. In summary, a longer supplementary light duration resulted in optimal color characteristics, and enhanced flavor profiles, which was a suitable supplementary light strategy for celery cultivation in greenhouses during weak light conditions.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2229
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Plant Biology
spelling doaj-art-c395b85c872448a7971f2eb9d4681caf2025-08-20T03:45:56ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-07-0125111410.1186/s12870-025-07045-0Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMSZhengnan Yan0Haokai Wang1Zhixin Li2Jinxiu Song3Fang Ji4Yanjie Yang5Duo Lin6College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityKey Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of MARA, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityAbstract The volatile substances fingerprinting of celery under three different light conditions was established using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Supplementary light intensity was set at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 with light durations of 6 h d−1 (T1) and 10 h d−1 (T2), and celery grown under natural light only was used as the control. The results indicated that the highest values of fresh and dry weights were recorded under the T2 treatment. A total of 59 volatile compounds of celery were detected, including olefins, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and furans. In addition, flavor differences in celery at different supplementary light duration were revealed, with beta-bourbonene, beta-ocimene-D, alpha-pinene-D, (E)-2-hexen-1-al-D, limonene-D, and beta-myrcene-M as the main contributors to observed differences in VOC profiles. In summary, a longer supplementary light duration resulted in optimal color characteristics, and enhanced flavor profiles, which was a suitable supplementary light strategy for celery cultivation in greenhouses during weak light conditions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07045-0CeleryLED supplemental lightingGC-IMSCellulose contentVolatile compounds
spellingShingle Zhengnan Yan
Haokai Wang
Zhixin Li
Jinxiu Song
Fang Ji
Yanjie Yang
Duo Lin
Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS
BMC Plant Biology
Celery
LED supplemental lighting
GC-IMS
Cellulose content
Volatile compounds
title Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS
title_full Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS
title_fullStr Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS
title_full_unstemmed Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS
title_short Unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and GC-IMS
title_sort unraveling the growth and volatile compound profiles of celery under different supplementary light durations via comprehensive evaluation and gc ims
topic Celery
LED supplemental lighting
GC-IMS
Cellulose content
Volatile compounds
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07045-0
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