Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores

Despite decades of habitat-based interventions, the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) remains in steep decline across its Himalayan range. Conservation strategies have emphasized forest cover and connectivity yet overlooked a key physiological constraint: the availability of dietary nitrogen. As obligator...

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Main Author: Saroj Shrestha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425003385
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author Saroj Shrestha
author_facet Saroj Shrestha
author_sort Saroj Shrestha
collection DOAJ
description Despite decades of habitat-based interventions, the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) remains in steep decline across its Himalayan range. Conservation strategies have emphasized forest cover and connectivity yet overlooked a key physiological constraint: the availability of dietary nitrogen. As obligatory bamboo folivores, red pandas depend on leaves with sufficiently high foliar nitrogen to meet metabolic and reproductive demands, though direct experimental evidence is limited. However, bamboo nitrogen content varies dramatically across species, seasons, elevations, and disturbance gradients. This perspective argues that the absence of nitrogen criteria constitutes a critical blind spot in red panda conservation. Sub-threshold habitats can function as ecological traps, silently undermining translocation, reproduction, and survival even in structurally intact forests. We call for a paradigm shift that integrates foliar nitrogen thresholds into conservation science, landscape planning, and reintroduction protocols. We outline research priorities to (1) establish red panda nitrogen requirements through controlled trials, (2) map nitrogen landscapes using NIRS and remote sensing, and (3) embed nutritional adequacy in habitat policy frameworks. Without this integration, conservation efforts risk being structurally sound but nutritionally void.
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spelling doaj-art-c384d9d183fb4beba623099cd79f20552025-08-20T03:50:21ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942025-10-0162e0373710.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03737Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivoresSaroj Shrestha0Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Red Panda Network, Kathmandu 44600, NepalDespite decades of habitat-based interventions, the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) remains in steep decline across its Himalayan range. Conservation strategies have emphasized forest cover and connectivity yet overlooked a key physiological constraint: the availability of dietary nitrogen. As obligatory bamboo folivores, red pandas depend on leaves with sufficiently high foliar nitrogen to meet metabolic and reproductive demands, though direct experimental evidence is limited. However, bamboo nitrogen content varies dramatically across species, seasons, elevations, and disturbance gradients. This perspective argues that the absence of nitrogen criteria constitutes a critical blind spot in red panda conservation. Sub-threshold habitats can function as ecological traps, silently undermining translocation, reproduction, and survival even in structurally intact forests. We call for a paradigm shift that integrates foliar nitrogen thresholds into conservation science, landscape planning, and reintroduction protocols. We outline research priorities to (1) establish red panda nitrogen requirements through controlled trials, (2) map nitrogen landscapes using NIRS and remote sensing, and (3) embed nutritional adequacy in habitat policy frameworks. Without this integration, conservation efforts risk being structurally sound but nutritionally void.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425003385Nutritional ecologyFoliar nitrogen thresholdsEcological trapsHabitat quality vs. quantity
spellingShingle Saroj Shrestha
Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
Global Ecology and Conservation
Nutritional ecology
Foliar nitrogen thresholds
Ecological traps
Habitat quality vs. quantity
title Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
title_full Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
title_fullStr Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
title_full_unstemmed Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
title_short Conservation’s green illusion: Nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
title_sort conservation s green illusion nitrogen thresholds as critical determinants of extinction risk in specialist herbivores
topic Nutritional ecology
Foliar nitrogen thresholds
Ecological traps
Habitat quality vs. quantity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989425003385
work_keys_str_mv AT sarojshrestha conservationsgreenillusionnitrogenthresholdsascriticaldeterminantsofextinctionriskinspecialistherbivores