Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm

Image segmentation is a critical aspect of image processing, particularly for applications requiring precise object identification. This study introduces a novel multilevel thresholding technique for grayscale image segmentation based on the Snake Optimizer (SO) algorithm, which is inspired by the m...

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Main Authors: A. Tamilarasan, D. Rajamani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025014057
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author A. Tamilarasan
D. Rajamani
author_facet A. Tamilarasan
D. Rajamani
author_sort A. Tamilarasan
collection DOAJ
description Image segmentation is a critical aspect of image processing, particularly for applications requiring precise object identification. This study introduces a novel multilevel thresholding technique for grayscale image segmentation based on the Snake Optimizer (SO) algorithm, which is inspired by the mating behaviour of snakes. The proposed method aims to maximize fuzzy entropy to determine optimal threshold values, thereby enhancing segmentation accuracy. Extensive experiments were conducted on ten benchmark images, utilizing 2 to 5 thresholds, and comparing the performance of the SO algorithm against three state-of-the-art algorithms: Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Moth Flame Optimization (MFO).The results demonstrate that the SO algorithm consistently outperforms its counterparts across various metrics, achieving the highest average fitness values in 35 out of 40 attempts, with notable improvements in PSNR, SSIM, and FSIM. Specifically, the SO achieved an average PSNR of 26.617 for the 'Barbara' image at 5 thresholds, surpassing SSA (26.568), GWO (26.561), and MFO (26.515). Additionally, the SO recorded an SSIM of 0.9575 for the same image, significantly higher than SSA (0.9339), GWO (0.9114), and MFO (0.8934). The computational efficiency of the SO is also highlighted, with lower average CPU times, achieving 3.1217 s for the 'Ostrich' image at 2 thresholds, compared to SSA (3.1298), GWO (3.8539), and MFO (3.9343).Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests further confirms the significant performance advantages of the SO algorithm, establishing it as a robust and effective solution for multilevel thresholding in image segmentation tasks.
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spelling doaj-art-c3825ed2c6e24c46994bc15dc317df802025-08-20T03:08:59ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610533510.1016/j.rineng.2025.105335Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithmA. Tamilarasan0D. Rajamani1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai, India; Corresponding authors.Centre for Advanced Materials Processing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India; Corresponding authors.Image segmentation is a critical aspect of image processing, particularly for applications requiring precise object identification. This study introduces a novel multilevel thresholding technique for grayscale image segmentation based on the Snake Optimizer (SO) algorithm, which is inspired by the mating behaviour of snakes. The proposed method aims to maximize fuzzy entropy to determine optimal threshold values, thereby enhancing segmentation accuracy. Extensive experiments were conducted on ten benchmark images, utilizing 2 to 5 thresholds, and comparing the performance of the SO algorithm against three state-of-the-art algorithms: Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Moth Flame Optimization (MFO).The results demonstrate that the SO algorithm consistently outperforms its counterparts across various metrics, achieving the highest average fitness values in 35 out of 40 attempts, with notable improvements in PSNR, SSIM, and FSIM. Specifically, the SO achieved an average PSNR of 26.617 for the 'Barbara' image at 5 thresholds, surpassing SSA (26.568), GWO (26.561), and MFO (26.515). Additionally, the SO recorded an SSIM of 0.9575 for the same image, significantly higher than SSA (0.9339), GWO (0.9114), and MFO (0.8934). The computational efficiency of the SO is also highlighted, with lower average CPU times, achieving 3.1217 s for the 'Ostrich' image at 2 thresholds, compared to SSA (3.1298), GWO (3.8539), and MFO (3.9343).Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests further confirms the significant performance advantages of the SO algorithm, establishing it as a robust and effective solution for multilevel thresholding in image segmentation tasks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025014057Image segmentationMultilevel thresholdingSnake optimizer algorithmFuzzy entropyComputational efficiencyBenchmark images
spellingShingle A. Tamilarasan
D. Rajamani
Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
Results in Engineering
Image segmentation
Multilevel thresholding
Snake optimizer algorithm
Fuzzy entropy
Computational efficiency
Benchmark images
title Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
title_full Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
title_fullStr Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
title_short Towards efficient image segmentation: A fuzzy entropy-based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
title_sort towards efficient image segmentation a fuzzy entropy based approach using the snake optimizer algorithm
topic Image segmentation
Multilevel thresholding
Snake optimizer algorithm
Fuzzy entropy
Computational efficiency
Benchmark images
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025014057
work_keys_str_mv AT atamilarasan towardsefficientimagesegmentationafuzzyentropybasedapproachusingthesnakeoptimizeralgorithm
AT drajamani towardsefficientimagesegmentationafuzzyentropybasedapproachusingthesnakeoptimizeralgorithm