Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running
<b>Background:</b> Sprinting, a high-intensity, short-duration exercise, induces oxidative stress. This causes molecular and ultrastructural alterations. Antioxidant supplementation may mitigate side effects of near or complete exhaustion. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-eight healthy...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Mădălina Moldovan Mara Muntean Sandra Andrea Schauer Remus Moldovan Daniela-Rodica Mitrea |
| author_facet | Mădălina Moldovan Mara Muntean Sandra Andrea Schauer Remus Moldovan Daniela-Rodica Mitrea |
| author_sort | Mădălina Moldovan |
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| description | <b>Background:</b> Sprinting, a high-intensity, short-duration exercise, induces oxidative stress. This causes molecular and ultrastructural alterations. Antioxidant supplementation may mitigate side effects of near or complete exhaustion. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-eight healthy male adult rats received orally normal saline, carboxymethylcellulose (vehicle), artificial, N-acetylcysteine or a natural antioxidant, Rutin. Rats were subjected to treadmill sprinting at increasing speeds for 5 days/week. After 26 days, samples were collected to measure oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione, GSH/GSSG), inflammation markers (enzymatic level of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS; cytokine level of tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα) and for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Results: Rutin attenuated MDA levels and increased antioxidant protection in all tissues, while NAC decreased the lipid peroxidation in all tissues except the lungs. NAC increased aortic inflammation, with higher TNF-α and iNOS. Sprinting caused intimal detachment in the heart and aorta. Rutin and NAC minimized endocardium alterations. Additionally, Rutin prevented myocardial disorganization. <b>Conclusions:</b> Rutin mitigated the oxidative stress damage of sprinting in the heart, aorta, skeletal muscle and lung. NAC protected against oxidative injury caused by sprinting in the heart, aorta and muscle but not the lung, and it induced aortic inflammation. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2411-5142 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c369c4fd17c842dbb01e4af33660be1c2025-08-20T02:21:13ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-06-0110220610.3390/jfmk10020206Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint RunningMădălina Moldovan0Mara Muntean1Sandra Andrea Schauer2Remus Moldovan3Daniela-Rodica Mitrea4Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, No. 1, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania<b>Background:</b> Sprinting, a high-intensity, short-duration exercise, induces oxidative stress. This causes molecular and ultrastructural alterations. Antioxidant supplementation may mitigate side effects of near or complete exhaustion. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-eight healthy male adult rats received orally normal saline, carboxymethylcellulose (vehicle), artificial, N-acetylcysteine or a natural antioxidant, Rutin. Rats were subjected to treadmill sprinting at increasing speeds for 5 days/week. After 26 days, samples were collected to measure oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; the ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione, GSH/GSSG), inflammation markers (enzymatic level of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS; cytokine level of tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα) and for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Results: Rutin attenuated MDA levels and increased antioxidant protection in all tissues, while NAC decreased the lipid peroxidation in all tissues except the lungs. NAC increased aortic inflammation, with higher TNF-α and iNOS. Sprinting caused intimal detachment in the heart and aorta. Rutin and NAC minimized endocardium alterations. Additionally, Rutin prevented myocardial disorganization. <b>Conclusions:</b> Rutin mitigated the oxidative stress damage of sprinting in the heart, aorta, skeletal muscle and lung. NAC protected against oxidative injury caused by sprinting in the heart, aorta and muscle but not the lung, and it induced aortic inflammation.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/206antioxidantoxidative stressrunningintensenaturalartificial |
| spellingShingle | Mădălina Moldovan Mara Muntean Sandra Andrea Schauer Remus Moldovan Daniela-Rodica Mitrea Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology antioxidant oxidative stress running intense natural artificial |
| title | Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress and Ultrastructural Analysis in Heart, Aorta, Skeletal Muscle and Lung of Rats Treated with N-Acetylcysteine or Rutin After Sprint Running |
| title_sort | oxidative stress and ultrastructural analysis in heart aorta skeletal muscle and lung of rats treated with n acetylcysteine or rutin after sprint running |
| topic | antioxidant oxidative stress running intense natural artificial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/206 |
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