Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects

Abstract In some scenarios for the early universe, non-relativistic thermal dark matter chemically decouples from the thermal environment once the temperature drops well below the dark matter mass. The value at which the energy density freezes out depends on the underlying model. In a simple setting...

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Main Authors: S. Biondini, N. Brambilla, A. Dashko, G. Qerimi, A. Vairo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)091
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author S. Biondini
N. Brambilla
A. Dashko
G. Qerimi
A. Vairo
author_facet S. Biondini
N. Brambilla
A. Dashko
G. Qerimi
A. Vairo
author_sort S. Biondini
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In some scenarios for the early universe, non-relativistic thermal dark matter chemically decouples from the thermal environment once the temperature drops well below the dark matter mass. The value at which the energy density freezes out depends on the underlying model. In a simple setting, we provide a comprehensive study of heavy fermionic dark matter interacting with the light degrees of freedom of a dark thermal sector whose temperature T decreases from an initial value close to the freeze-out temperature. Different temperatures imply different hierarchies of energy scales. By exploiting the methods of non-relativistic effective field theories at finite T, we systematically determine the thermal and in-vacuum interaction rates. In particular, we address the impact of the Debye mass on the bound-state formation cross section and the bound-state dissociation and transition widths, and ultimately on the dark matter relic abundance. We numerically compare the corrections to the present energy density originating from the resummation of Debye mass effects with the corrections coming from a next-to-leading order treatment of the bath-particle interactions. We observe that the fixed-order calculation of the inelastic heavy-light scattering at high temperatures provides a larger dark matter depletion, and hence an undersized yield for given benchmark points in the parameter space, with respect to the calculation where Debye mass effects are resummed.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1029-8479
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-c35c31324b63442fa40bd8507cd875bf2025-08-20T01:49:40ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-04-012025415210.1007/JHEP04(2025)091Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effectsS. Biondini0N. Brambilla1A. Dashko2G. Qerimi3A. Vairo4School of Science and Technology, University of CamerinoTechnical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics DepartmentDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYTechnical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics DepartmentTechnical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics DepartmentAbstract In some scenarios for the early universe, non-relativistic thermal dark matter chemically decouples from the thermal environment once the temperature drops well below the dark matter mass. The value at which the energy density freezes out depends on the underlying model. In a simple setting, we provide a comprehensive study of heavy fermionic dark matter interacting with the light degrees of freedom of a dark thermal sector whose temperature T decreases from an initial value close to the freeze-out temperature. Different temperatures imply different hierarchies of energy scales. By exploiting the methods of non-relativistic effective field theories at finite T, we systematically determine the thermal and in-vacuum interaction rates. In particular, we address the impact of the Debye mass on the bound-state formation cross section and the bound-state dissociation and transition widths, and ultimately on the dark matter relic abundance. We numerically compare the corrections to the present energy density originating from the resummation of Debye mass effects with the corrections coming from a next-to-leading order treatment of the bath-particle interactions. We observe that the fixed-order calculation of the inelastic heavy-light scattering at high temperatures provides a larger dark matter depletion, and hence an undersized yield for given benchmark points in the parameter space, with respect to the calculation where Debye mass effects are resummed.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)091Early Universe Particle PhysicsEffective Field TheoriesParticle Nature of Dark MatterThermal Field Theory
spellingShingle S. Biondini
N. Brambilla
A. Dashko
G. Qerimi
A. Vairo
Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects
Journal of High Energy Physics
Early Universe Particle Physics
Effective Field Theories
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Thermal Field Theory
title Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects
title_full Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects
title_fullStr Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects
title_full_unstemmed Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects
title_short Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: Debye mass effects
title_sort effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe debye mass effects
topic Early Universe Particle Physics
Effective Field Theories
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
Thermal Field Theory
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)091
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AT nbrambilla effectivefieldtheoriesfordarkmatterpairsintheearlyuniversedebyemasseffects
AT adashko effectivefieldtheoriesfordarkmatterpairsintheearlyuniversedebyemasseffects
AT gqerimi effectivefieldtheoriesfordarkmatterpairsintheearlyuniversedebyemasseffects
AT avairo effectivefieldtheoriesfordarkmatterpairsintheearlyuniversedebyemasseffects