Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds

Humans are keen pattern-seekers and take advantage of regularities present in their environment. In the temporal domain, we may call these patterns rhythms, but what is rhythm? Definitions vary, but all presuppose a categorical distinction between rhythm and randomness. Here, we challenge this view...

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Main Authors: Jelle van der Werff, Tommaso Tufarelli, Laura Verga, Andrea Ravignani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-08-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250453
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author Jelle van der Werff
Tommaso Tufarelli
Laura Verga
Andrea Ravignani
author_facet Jelle van der Werff
Tommaso Tufarelli
Laura Verga
Andrea Ravignani
author_sort Jelle van der Werff
collection DOAJ
description Humans are keen pattern-seekers and take advantage of regularities present in their environment. In the temporal domain, we may call these patterns rhythms, but what is rhythm? Definitions vary, but all presuppose a categorical distinction between rhythm and randomness. Here, we challenge this view and show that two types of random sound sequences—classically considered arrhythmic by experimenters—differ in the amount of regularity humans reconstruct from them. When asked to synchronize to randomly timed sounds, participants leverage statistics to estimate the underlying tempo of the sequence, similar to linear statistical estimators. Theoretically, our results challenge current definitions of rhythm by showing that rhythmicity and randomness are instances of a continuum. Methodologically, our data and mathematical model show that a common method for creating random timing, namely the jittering of event onsets, introduces an undesirable regularity that humans readily exploit. New experiments should aim to maximize temporal randomness, and past experiments’ outcomes require reconsideration.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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series Royal Society Open Science
spelling doaj-art-c3544d1a6e25492dbf96fcae0dbcf7e72025-08-20T04:39:00ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-08-0112810.1098/rsos.250453Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed soundsJelle van der Werff0Tommaso Tufarelli1Laura Verga2Andrea Ravignani3Department of Human Neurosciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Lazio, ItalyUnaffiliated, Beeston NG9, UKComparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The NetherlandsDepartment of Human Neurosciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Lazio, ItalyHumans are keen pattern-seekers and take advantage of regularities present in their environment. In the temporal domain, we may call these patterns rhythms, but what is rhythm? Definitions vary, but all presuppose a categorical distinction between rhythm and randomness. Here, we challenge this view and show that two types of random sound sequences—classically considered arrhythmic by experimenters—differ in the amount of regularity humans reconstruct from them. When asked to synchronize to randomly timed sounds, participants leverage statistics to estimate the underlying tempo of the sequence, similar to linear statistical estimators. Theoretically, our results challenge current definitions of rhythm by showing that rhythmicity and randomness are instances of a continuum. Methodologically, our data and mathematical model show that a common method for creating random timing, namely the jittering of event onsets, introduces an undesirable regularity that humans readily exploit. New experiments should aim to maximize temporal randomness, and past experiments’ outcomes require reconsideration.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250453rhythmtimingtemporal randomness
spellingShingle Jelle van der Werff
Tommaso Tufarelli
Laura Verga
Andrea Ravignani
Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
Royal Society Open Science
rhythm
timing
temporal randomness
title Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
title_full Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
title_fullStr Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
title_full_unstemmed Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
title_short Humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
title_sort humans can find rhythm in randomly timed sounds
topic rhythm
timing
temporal randomness
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250453
work_keys_str_mv AT jellevanderwerff humanscanfindrhythminrandomlytimedsounds
AT tommasotufarelli humanscanfindrhythminrandomlytimedsounds
AT lauraverga humanscanfindrhythminrandomlytimedsounds
AT andrearavignani humanscanfindrhythminrandomlytimedsounds