Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination

Introduction: Touch-screen mobile phones/devices (TMPs/Ds) are increasingly used in hospitals. They may act as a mobile reservoir for microbial pathogens. The rates of microbial contamination of TMPs/Ds and keypad mobile phones (KMPs) with respect to different variables including use by healthcare w...

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Main Authors: Mehmet Koroglu, Selami Gunal, Fatma Yildiz, Mehtap Savas, Ali Ozer, Mustafa Altindis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2015-12-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/6171
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author Mehmet Koroglu
Selami Gunal
Fatma Yildiz
Mehtap Savas
Ali Ozer
Mustafa Altindis
author_facet Mehmet Koroglu
Selami Gunal
Fatma Yildiz
Mehtap Savas
Ali Ozer
Mustafa Altindis
author_sort Mehmet Koroglu
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Touch-screen mobile phones/devices (TMPs/Ds) are increasingly used in hospitals. They may act as a mobile reservoir for microbial pathogens. The rates of microbial contamination of TMPs/Ds and keypad mobile phones (KMPs) with respect to different variables including use by healthcare workers (HCWs)/non-HCWs and the demographic characteristics of users were investigated. Methodology: A total of 205 mobile phones/devices were screened for microbial contamination: 76 devices belonged to HCWs and 129 devices belonged to the non-HCW group. By rubbing swabs to front screen, back, keypad, and metallic surfaces of devices, 444 samples were collected. Results: Of 205 mobile phones/devices, 143 (97.9%) of the TMPs/Ds and 58 (98.3%) of the KMPs were positive for microbial contamination, and there were no significant differences in contamination rates between these groups, although TMPs/Ds had significantly higher microbial load than KMPs (p <0.05). The significant difference in this analysis was attributable to the screen size of mobile phones ≥ 5”. Microbial contamination rates increased significantly as phone size increased (p <0.05). Higher numbers of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from KMPs than TMPs/Ds (p = 0.049). The incidence of Enterococcus spp. was higher on the KMPs of HCWs, and methicillin resistant CNS was higher from the TMPs/Ds of non-HCWs (p <0.05). Isolation of CNS, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was higher from the TMPs/Ds of HCWs (p <0.05). Conclusions: We found no significant difference between TMP/Ds and KMPs in terms of microbial contamination, but TMP/Ds harboured more colonies and total microbial counts increased with screen size.
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spelling doaj-art-c34eba45a2da4a7187af6d98f5ea82892025-08-20T02:14:19ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802015-12-0191210.3855/jidc.6171Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contaminationMehmet Koroglu0Selami Gunal1Fatma Yildiz2Mehtap Savas3Ali Ozer4Mustafa Altindis5Sakarya University School Of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkeyİnönü University School Of Pharmacy, Malatya, TurkeyMalatya State Hospital, Malatya, TurkeyMalatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkeyİnönü University School Of Medicine, Malatya, TurkeySakarya University School Of Medicine, Sakarya, TurkeyIntroduction: Touch-screen mobile phones/devices (TMPs/Ds) are increasingly used in hospitals. They may act as a mobile reservoir for microbial pathogens. The rates of microbial contamination of TMPs/Ds and keypad mobile phones (KMPs) with respect to different variables including use by healthcare workers (HCWs)/non-HCWs and the demographic characteristics of users were investigated. Methodology: A total of 205 mobile phones/devices were screened for microbial contamination: 76 devices belonged to HCWs and 129 devices belonged to the non-HCW group. By rubbing swabs to front screen, back, keypad, and metallic surfaces of devices, 444 samples were collected. Results: Of 205 mobile phones/devices, 143 (97.9%) of the TMPs/Ds and 58 (98.3%) of the KMPs were positive for microbial contamination, and there were no significant differences in contamination rates between these groups, although TMPs/Ds had significantly higher microbial load than KMPs (p <0.05). The significant difference in this analysis was attributable to the screen size of mobile phones ≥ 5”. Microbial contamination rates increased significantly as phone size increased (p <0.05). Higher numbers of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from KMPs than TMPs/Ds (p = 0.049). The incidence of Enterococcus spp. was higher on the KMPs of HCWs, and methicillin resistant CNS was higher from the TMPs/Ds of non-HCWs (p <0.05). Isolation of CNS, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was higher from the TMPs/Ds of HCWs (p <0.05). Conclusions: We found no significant difference between TMP/Ds and KMPs in terms of microbial contamination, but TMP/Ds harboured more colonies and total microbial counts increased with screen size. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/6171Mobile phonestouch-screen mobile phoneskeypad mobile phonesmicrobial contaminationhealthcare workers
spellingShingle Mehmet Koroglu
Selami Gunal
Fatma Yildiz
Mehtap Savas
Ali Ozer
Mustafa Altindis
Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Mobile phones
touch-screen mobile phones
keypad mobile phones
microbial contamination
healthcare workers
title Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
title_full Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
title_fullStr Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
title_short Comparison of keypads and touch-screen mobile phones/devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
title_sort comparison of keypads and touch screen mobile phones devices as potential risk for microbial contamination
topic Mobile phones
touch-screen mobile phones
keypad mobile phones
microbial contamination
healthcare workers
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/6171
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