Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review

Insomnia, affecting up to 30% of adults (typically 18–65 years), is characterized by GABAergic dysfunction and hyperarousal. This mini-review establishes three pivotal advances in insomnia therapeutics: Firstly, it is demonstrated that microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) dysregulation is mechanisticall...

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Main Authors: Xiao Wang, Lijuan Yan, Xiaodong Zhang, Xiang Liu, Bin Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1613408/full
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author Xiao Wang
Lijuan Yan
Xiaodong Zhang
Xiang Liu
Xiang Liu
Bin Yang
author_facet Xiao Wang
Lijuan Yan
Xiaodong Zhang
Xiang Liu
Xiang Liu
Bin Yang
author_sort Xiao Wang
collection DOAJ
description Insomnia, affecting up to 30% of adults (typically 18–65 years), is characterized by GABAergic dysfunction and hyperarousal. This mini-review establishes three pivotal advances in insomnia therapeutics: Firstly, it is demonstrated that microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) dysregulation is mechanistically central to insomnia, directly linking gut dysbiosis to vagal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) axis dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Secondly, the present study documents the unique multitarget effects of electroacupuncture (EA), which have been shown to simultaneously normalize HPA axis activity, enrich GABA-producing microbiota, improve the vagal tone, and suppress neuroimmune activation. The aforementioned effects collectively resolve insomnia’s multifactorial etiology. Thirdly, clinical evidence confirms the sustained efficacy of EA to be comparable to that of hypnotics, yet with superior safety and durability. EA redefines therapeutic frameworks by integrating biological and neural interventions that are inaccessible to single-target approaches.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 1664-0640
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Psychiatry
spelling doaj-art-c3265f7572af4fe6a5da436e2b4a47962025-08-20T03:28:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-07-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.16134081613408Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini reviewXiao Wang0Lijuan Yan1Xiaodong Zhang2Xiang Liu3Xiang Liu4Bin Yang5Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaNeuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaInsomnia, affecting up to 30% of adults (typically 18–65 years), is characterized by GABAergic dysfunction and hyperarousal. This mini-review establishes three pivotal advances in insomnia therapeutics: Firstly, it is demonstrated that microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) dysregulation is mechanistically central to insomnia, directly linking gut dysbiosis to vagal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) axis dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Secondly, the present study documents the unique multitarget effects of electroacupuncture (EA), which have been shown to simultaneously normalize HPA axis activity, enrich GABA-producing microbiota, improve the vagal tone, and suppress neuroimmune activation. The aforementioned effects collectively resolve insomnia’s multifactorial etiology. Thirdly, clinical evidence confirms the sustained efficacy of EA to be comparable to that of hypnotics, yet with superior safety and durability. EA redefines therapeutic frameworks by integrating biological and neural interventions that are inaccessible to single-target approaches.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1613408/fullinsomniaelectroacupunctureγ-aminobutyric acidgut microbiotamicrobiota-gut-brain axis
spellingShingle Xiao Wang
Lijuan Yan
Xiaodong Zhang
Xiang Liu
Xiang Liu
Bin Yang
Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review
Frontiers in Psychiatry
insomnia
electroacupuncture
γ-aminobutyric acid
gut microbiota
microbiota-gut-brain axis
title Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review
title_full Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review
title_fullStr Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review
title_full_unstemmed Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review
title_short Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review
title_sort electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the gabaergic microbiota gut brain axis a mini review
topic insomnia
electroacupuncture
γ-aminobutyric acid
gut microbiota
microbiota-gut-brain axis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1613408/full
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