Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are major global public health concerns associated with various negative outcomes. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has been proposed as a potential risk factor. We aimed to investigate whether SHS exposure is associated with psychiatric morbidity in a large popul...

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Main Authors: Jia-In Lee, Jiun-Hung Geng, Yi-Ching Lo, Ming-Been Lee, Szu-Chia Chen, Cheng-Sheng Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/shb.shb_341_24
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author Jia-In Lee
Jiun-Hung Geng
Yi-Ching Lo
Ming-Been Lee
Szu-Chia Chen
Cheng-Sheng Chen
author_facet Jia-In Lee
Jiun-Hung Geng
Yi-Ching Lo
Ming-Been Lee
Szu-Chia Chen
Cheng-Sheng Chen
author_sort Jia-In Lee
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Depression and anxiety are major global public health concerns associated with various negative outcomes. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has been proposed as a potential risk factor. We aimed to investigate whether SHS exposure is associated with psychiatric morbidity in a large population-based cohort study. Methods: Data were derived from the Taiwan Biobank between December 2008 and December 2019, including over 120,000 noncancer participants aged 30–70 years. The cross-sectional analysis involved 88,510 never-smokers, while a longitudinal cohort of 19,575 participants with follow-up validated findings. SHS exposure was assessed through self-reported questionnaires, categorizing participants into exposure and nonexposure groups. Psychiatric morbidity was defined by either a self-reported history of diagnosed depression, a Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item (PHQ-2) score ≥3, or a Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2) score ≥3. Logistic regression adjusted for demographics and health factors analyzed the associations. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, 8% reported SHS exposure, which was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.42). Longitudinal analysis (mean follow-up: 47 months) supported these findings, with SHS exposure linked to an elevated risk of psychiatric morbidity (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.07–1.74). Notably, SHS exposure ≥1 h/week nearly doubled the risk (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.46–2.67). Conclusion: SHS exposure significantly increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity. Public health efforts are essential to reduce SHS exposure and address its mental health impacts.
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spelling doaj-art-c3217712f8b14d61ba35b79de598423b2025-08-20T02:31:59ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAsian Journal of Social Health and Behavior2772-42042025-07-018310711510.4103/shb.shb_341_24Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort StudyJia-In LeeJiun-Hung GengYi-Ching LoMing-Been LeeSzu-Chia ChenCheng-Sheng ChenIntroduction: Depression and anxiety are major global public health concerns associated with various negative outcomes. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has been proposed as a potential risk factor. We aimed to investigate whether SHS exposure is associated with psychiatric morbidity in a large population-based cohort study. Methods: Data were derived from the Taiwan Biobank between December 2008 and December 2019, including over 120,000 noncancer participants aged 30–70 years. The cross-sectional analysis involved 88,510 never-smokers, while a longitudinal cohort of 19,575 participants with follow-up validated findings. SHS exposure was assessed through self-reported questionnaires, categorizing participants into exposure and nonexposure groups. Psychiatric morbidity was defined by either a self-reported history of diagnosed depression, a Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item (PHQ-2) score ≥3, or a Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2) score ≥3. Logistic regression adjusted for demographics and health factors analyzed the associations. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, 8% reported SHS exposure, which was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.42). Longitudinal analysis (mean follow-up: 47 months) supported these findings, with SHS exposure linked to an elevated risk of psychiatric morbidity (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.07–1.74). Notably, SHS exposure ≥1 h/week nearly doubled the risk (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.46–2.67). Conclusion: SHS exposure significantly increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity. Public health efforts are essential to reduce SHS exposure and address its mental health impacts.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/shb.shb_341_24epidemiologic studylongitudinal cohortpsychiatric morbidityrisk factorssecondhand smokesmoking
spellingShingle Jia-In Lee
Jiun-Hung Geng
Yi-Ching Lo
Ming-Been Lee
Szu-Chia Chen
Cheng-Sheng Chen
Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior
epidemiologic study
longitudinal cohort
psychiatric morbidity
risk factors
secondhand smoke
smoking
title Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
title_full Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
title_fullStr Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
title_short Secondhand Smoke Increases the Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
title_sort secondhand smoke increases the risk of psychiatric morbidity a population based longitudinal cohort study
topic epidemiologic study
longitudinal cohort
psychiatric morbidity
risk factors
secondhand smoke
smoking
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/shb.shb_341_24
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AT yichinglo secondhandsmokeincreasestheriskofpsychiatricmorbidityapopulationbasedlongitudinalcohortstudy
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