Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Migraine is a disabling disorder characterized by recurrent severe headache attacks. Non-invasive neuromodulation can be employed in the prevention and/or acute treatment of migraine. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN), a type of non-invasive neuromodulation, is an effective...

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Main Authors: Asmaa Zakria Alnajjar, Mohamed M. M. Mustafa, Omar Khaled Abdelsalam, Israa Sharabati, Amr K. Hassan, Meran Allam, Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Neurology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04291-5
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author Asmaa Zakria Alnajjar
Mohamed M. M. Mustafa
Omar Khaled Abdelsalam
Israa Sharabati
Amr K. Hassan
Meran Allam
Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd
author_facet Asmaa Zakria Alnajjar
Mohamed M. M. Mustafa
Omar Khaled Abdelsalam
Israa Sharabati
Amr K. Hassan
Meran Allam
Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd
author_sort Asmaa Zakria Alnajjar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Migraine is a disabling disorder characterized by recurrent severe headache attacks. Non-invasive neuromodulation can be employed in the prevention and/or acute treatment of migraine. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN), a type of non-invasive neuromodulation, is an effective and safe at-home treatment for migraine. It stimulates peripheral nerves in the upper arm to trigger conditioned pain modulation. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for clinical trials and observational studies that assess the efficacy of REN in patients with migraine attacks. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1 and Open Meta Analyst software. Results Our study included 12 studies with 9912 migraine patients. In the single-arm meta-analysis, 64% (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.65), and 22% (95% CI: 0.213 to 0.237) of patients experienced a reduction in pain and pain-free status at 2 h, respectively. Additionally, 59% (95% CI: 0.548 to 0.637), and 54% (95% CI: 0.471 to 0.609) of patients reported sustained pain relief and sustained pain-free status at 24 h, respectively. Marked functional improvement was achieved in 59% (95% CI: 0.577–0.607) of patients within 2 h post-treatment with REN, and 54.6% (95% CI: [0.519 to 0.574]) reported the disappearance of their most bothersome symptom (MBS). Device-related adverse events were reported in 0.4% (95% CI: 0.003 to 0.005) of patients. In double arm meta-analysis, pain-free status at 2 h had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.63 to 4.71). While device-related adverse events had an OR of 1.45 (95%CI: 0.42 to 4.94). Trial registration CRD42024596712
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2377
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Neurology
spelling doaj-art-c320a816fc5c4795b3a092b50163602d2025-08-20T03:43:16ZengBMCBMC Neurology1471-23772025-08-0125111310.1186/s12883-025-04291-5Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysisAsmaa Zakria Alnajjar0Mohamed M. M. Mustafa1Omar Khaled Abdelsalam2Israa Sharabati3Amr K. Hassan4Meran Allam5Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd6Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian UniversityFaculty of Medicine, New Mansoura UniversityFaculty of Medicine, Al-Quds UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaEgyptian ministry of health, Winget hospitalFaculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityAbstract Background Migraine is a disabling disorder characterized by recurrent severe headache attacks. Non-invasive neuromodulation can be employed in the prevention and/or acute treatment of migraine. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN), a type of non-invasive neuromodulation, is an effective and safe at-home treatment for migraine. It stimulates peripheral nerves in the upper arm to trigger conditioned pain modulation. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for clinical trials and observational studies that assess the efficacy of REN in patients with migraine attacks. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4.1 and Open Meta Analyst software. Results Our study included 12 studies with 9912 migraine patients. In the single-arm meta-analysis, 64% (95% CI: 0.62 to 0.65), and 22% (95% CI: 0.213 to 0.237) of patients experienced a reduction in pain and pain-free status at 2 h, respectively. Additionally, 59% (95% CI: 0.548 to 0.637), and 54% (95% CI: 0.471 to 0.609) of patients reported sustained pain relief and sustained pain-free status at 24 h, respectively. Marked functional improvement was achieved in 59% (95% CI: 0.577–0.607) of patients within 2 h post-treatment with REN, and 54.6% (95% CI: [0.519 to 0.574]) reported the disappearance of their most bothersome symptom (MBS). Device-related adverse events were reported in 0.4% (95% CI: 0.003 to 0.005) of patients. In double arm meta-analysis, pain-free status at 2 h had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.63 to 4.71). While device-related adverse events had an OR of 1.45 (95%CI: 0.42 to 4.94). Trial registration CRD42024596712https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04291-5MigraineRemote electrical neuromodulationRENConditioned pain modulation
spellingShingle Asmaa Zakria Alnajjar
Mohamed M. M. Mustafa
Omar Khaled Abdelsalam
Israa Sharabati
Amr K. Hassan
Meran Allam
Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd
Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Neurology
Migraine
Remote electrical neuromodulation
REN
Conditioned pain modulation
title Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine a comprehensive systematic review and meta analysis
topic Migraine
Remote electrical neuromodulation
REN
Conditioned pain modulation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04291-5
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