Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a significant environmental threat, that negatively impacts plant growth and human health. This study investigates the combined effect of humic acid (HA) and biologically synthesized zinc nanoparticles (BZnNPs) in mitigating Cd toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris grown in artifi...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| author | Mohamed T. El-Saadony Rania S.M. Eid Taia A. Abd El-Mageed Salma M. Aljahdali Soha A. Alamoudi Ali Majrashi Badreyah Algethami Hoda M. Abou-Elsebaa Ahmed M. Saad Synan F. AbuQamar Khaled A. El-Tarabily El-Sayed M. Desoky |
| author_facet | Mohamed T. El-Saadony Rania S.M. Eid Taia A. Abd El-Mageed Salma M. Aljahdali Soha A. Alamoudi Ali Majrashi Badreyah Algethami Hoda M. Abou-Elsebaa Ahmed M. Saad Synan F. AbuQamar Khaled A. El-Tarabily El-Sayed M. Desoky |
| author_sort | Mohamed T. El-Saadony |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a significant environmental threat, that negatively impacts plant growth and human health. This study investigates the combined effect of humic acid (HA) and biologically synthesized zinc nanoparticles (BZnNPs) in mitigating Cd toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris grown in artificially contaminated soil. BZnNPs were produced using Bacillus subtilis AA20, resulting in spherical nanoparticles (35 nm) with a -26.9 mV charge and 88 % antioxidant activity. Plants were exposed to three Cd concentrations (0, 1.0, and 1.5 mM), and treated with either HA (0.5 g kg−1 soil), BZnNPs (1.0 mM foliar spray), or their combination. At 1.5 mM Cd, plant height, dry biomass, and photosynthetic efficiency declined by 47.1 %, 59.9 %, and 34.9 %, respectively, while malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) increased by 212 %, and 62.2 %, compared to untreated controls. However, the combined HA + BZnNPs treatment significantly reduced Cd mobility in soil and its accumulation in roots, leaves, and pods by 75.4 %, 63.6 %, and 78.3 %, respectively. This treatment also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) by 19.3 %, 38.2 %, and 22.2 %, respectively, while boosting total soluble sugars and proline by 23.6 %, and 10.8 %. Moreover, HA + BZnNPs treatment decreased MDA and EL levels by 11.1 and 11.8 %, respectively, leading to better oxidative stress management. It also improved chlorophyll content (SPAD) by 22.7 %, relative water content by 20.3 %, and pod yield by 40.1 %, ultimately restoring yield by 40 % under severe Cd stress. These findings highlight HA and BZnNPs as a promising, eco-friendly strategy to reduce Cd bioavailability, enhance stress resilience, and improve growth and productivity in common bean, supporting sustainable agriculture and food safety. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c31ae6f8d897408cb2e9339494826ce1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c31ae6f8d897408cb2e9339494826ce12025-08-20T02:35:57ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710546310.1016/j.rineng.2025.105463Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)Mohamed T. El-Saadony0Rania S.M. Eid1Taia A. Abd El-Mageed2Salma M. Aljahdali3Soha A. Alamoudi4Ali Majrashi5Badreyah Algethami6Hoda M. Abou-Elsebaa7Ahmed M. Saad8Synan F. AbuQamar9Khaled A. El-Tarabily10El-Sayed M. Desoky11Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptBotany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qalyoubia, 13736, EgyptSoils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, EgyptDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, 41411, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding authors.Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding authors.Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, EgyptCadmium (Cd) pollution is a significant environmental threat, that negatively impacts plant growth and human health. This study investigates the combined effect of humic acid (HA) and biologically synthesized zinc nanoparticles (BZnNPs) in mitigating Cd toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris grown in artificially contaminated soil. BZnNPs were produced using Bacillus subtilis AA20, resulting in spherical nanoparticles (35 nm) with a -26.9 mV charge and 88 % antioxidant activity. Plants were exposed to three Cd concentrations (0, 1.0, and 1.5 mM), and treated with either HA (0.5 g kg−1 soil), BZnNPs (1.0 mM foliar spray), or their combination. At 1.5 mM Cd, plant height, dry biomass, and photosynthetic efficiency declined by 47.1 %, 59.9 %, and 34.9 %, respectively, while malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL) increased by 212 %, and 62.2 %, compared to untreated controls. However, the combined HA + BZnNPs treatment significantly reduced Cd mobility in soil and its accumulation in roots, leaves, and pods by 75.4 %, 63.6 %, and 78.3 %, respectively. This treatment also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) by 19.3 %, 38.2 %, and 22.2 %, respectively, while boosting total soluble sugars and proline by 23.6 %, and 10.8 %. Moreover, HA + BZnNPs treatment decreased MDA and EL levels by 11.1 and 11.8 %, respectively, leading to better oxidative stress management. It also improved chlorophyll content (SPAD) by 22.7 %, relative water content by 20.3 %, and pod yield by 40.1 %, ultimately restoring yield by 40 % under severe Cd stress. These findings highlight HA and BZnNPs as a promising, eco-friendly strategy to reduce Cd bioavailability, enhance stress resilience, and improve growth and productivity in common bean, supporting sustainable agriculture and food safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015336AntioxidantsBiological zinc nanoparticlesBioremediationOrganic farmingSustainable agriculture |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed T. El-Saadony Rania S.M. Eid Taia A. Abd El-Mageed Salma M. Aljahdali Soha A. Alamoudi Ali Majrashi Badreyah Algethami Hoda M. Abou-Elsebaa Ahmed M. Saad Synan F. AbuQamar Khaled A. El-Tarabily El-Sayed M. Desoky Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Results in Engineering Antioxidants Biological zinc nanoparticles Bioremediation Organic farming Sustainable agriculture |
| title | Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) |
| title_full | Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) |
| title_fullStr | Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) |
| title_short | Eco-friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination: An integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) |
| title_sort | eco friendly zinc nanoparticles and humic acid combination an integrative application to mitigate cadmium pollution in common bean phaseolus vulgaris |
| topic | Antioxidants Biological zinc nanoparticles Bioremediation Organic farming Sustainable agriculture |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015336 |
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