Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic

ABSTRACT Determining the distribution and population size of marine species is crucial for conservation and management. However, for many species, the abundance and at sea distribution are poorly known because of their large geographic ranges, high mobility and cryptic breeding habits. This is espec...

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Main Authors: Darren Wilkinson, Jamie Darby, Ashley Bennison, Hélder Araújo, Oriol Giralt Paradell, T. David Tierney, Emer Rogan, John L. Quinn, Mark Jessopp
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71438
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author Darren Wilkinson
Jamie Darby
Ashley Bennison
Hélder Araújo
Oriol Giralt Paradell
T. David Tierney
Emer Rogan
John L. Quinn
Mark Jessopp
author_facet Darren Wilkinson
Jamie Darby
Ashley Bennison
Hélder Araújo
Oriol Giralt Paradell
T. David Tierney
Emer Rogan
John L. Quinn
Mark Jessopp
author_sort Darren Wilkinson
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Determining the distribution and population size of marine species is crucial for conservation and management. However, for many species, the abundance and at sea distribution are poorly known because of their large geographic ranges, high mobility and cryptic breeding habits. This is especially true for small pelagic seabirds such as the European storm‐petrel. Large‐scale observer‐based aerial surveys were conducted over four summers in the North‐East Atlantic extending 200 nautical miles from the coast of Ireland. Species distribution models were produced using generalised additive models with a combination of static and dynamic environmental variables to assess the impact of survey altitude on storm‐petrel detectability, and to model their abundance and distribution. Reduced storm‐petrel detectability was identified at higher survey altitudes and rougher seas, and an at‐sea abundance of 154,044 (95% CI: 94,347–452,299) individuals was estimated. Our results reveal fine‐scale variation in the spatial distribution of storm‐petrels and highlight the unsuitability of foraging radius distribution models for such species. Storm‐petrels were found to avoid coastal areas, which we speculate is linked to the avoidance of large coastal avian predators during the day. Although the continental shelf edge was highlighted as a significant feature in the distribution of this pelagic species, a more prominent hotspot was identified in neritic areas, 20–40 km off the south and south‐west coasts of Ireland in a region highly influenced by shelf fronts, coastal currents, upwellings and eddies in the summer months. The identified hotspot has global significance since Ireland holds more than 20% of the entire European storm‐petrel breeding population.
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spelling doaj-art-c31a63db2509487a9feafbccae28cf5d2025-08-20T03:58:44ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-07-01157n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71438Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East AtlanticDarren Wilkinson0Jamie Darby1Ashley Bennison2Hélder Araújo3Oriol Giralt Paradell4T. David Tierney5Emer Rogan6John L. Quinn7Mark Jessopp8School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork IrelandSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork IrelandBritish Antarctic Survey Cambridge UKBiology Department & ECOMARE University of Aveiro Aveiro PortugalSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork IrelandNational Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage Dublin IrelandSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork IrelandSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork IrelandSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University College Cork Cork IrelandABSTRACT Determining the distribution and population size of marine species is crucial for conservation and management. However, for many species, the abundance and at sea distribution are poorly known because of their large geographic ranges, high mobility and cryptic breeding habits. This is especially true for small pelagic seabirds such as the European storm‐petrel. Large‐scale observer‐based aerial surveys were conducted over four summers in the North‐East Atlantic extending 200 nautical miles from the coast of Ireland. Species distribution models were produced using generalised additive models with a combination of static and dynamic environmental variables to assess the impact of survey altitude on storm‐petrel detectability, and to model their abundance and distribution. Reduced storm‐petrel detectability was identified at higher survey altitudes and rougher seas, and an at‐sea abundance of 154,044 (95% CI: 94,347–452,299) individuals was estimated. Our results reveal fine‐scale variation in the spatial distribution of storm‐petrels and highlight the unsuitability of foraging radius distribution models for such species. Storm‐petrels were found to avoid coastal areas, which we speculate is linked to the avoidance of large coastal avian predators during the day. Although the continental shelf edge was highlighted as a significant feature in the distribution of this pelagic species, a more prominent hotspot was identified in neritic areas, 20–40 km off the south and south‐west coasts of Ireland in a region highly influenced by shelf fronts, coastal currents, upwellings and eddies in the summer months. The identified hotspot has global significance since Ireland holds more than 20% of the entire European storm‐petrel breeding population.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71438Aerial surveyEuropean storm‐petrelNorth‐East Atlanticpopulation abundancespecies distribution modelling
spellingShingle Darren Wilkinson
Jamie Darby
Ashley Bennison
Hélder Araújo
Oriol Giralt Paradell
T. David Tierney
Emer Rogan
John L. Quinn
Mark Jessopp
Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic
Ecology and Evolution
Aerial survey
European storm‐petrel
North‐East Atlantic
population abundance
species distribution modelling
title Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic
title_full Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic
title_fullStr Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic
title_full_unstemmed Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic
title_short Spatial Modelling of Aerial Survey Data Reveals an Important European Storm‐Petrel Hotspot and Its Underlying Drivers Within the North‐East Atlantic
title_sort spatial modelling of aerial survey data reveals an important european storm petrel hotspot and its underlying drivers within the north east atlantic
topic Aerial survey
European storm‐petrel
North‐East Atlantic
population abundance
species distribution modelling
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71438
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