Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study
IntroductionEarly childhood caries(ECC) has caused a growing public health burden worldwide, but there still remains a gap in the understanding of ECC in Shanghai, China. This study aims to investigate the current profile of ECC and related risk factors of new-onset caries among preschool children i...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1635569/full |
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| author | Yating Xu Minyi Xu Weihua Zhang Xiping Feng Jingyu Zhan Yu Zhang Xi Chen |
| author_facet | Yating Xu Minyi Xu Weihua Zhang Xiping Feng Jingyu Zhan Yu Zhang Xi Chen |
| author_sort | Yating Xu |
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| description | IntroductionEarly childhood caries(ECC) has caused a growing public health burden worldwide, but there still remains a gap in the understanding of ECC in Shanghai, China. This study aims to investigate the current profile of ECC and related risk factors of new-onset caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China.Materials and methodsChildren aged 3–5 were included in this two-year longitudinal study from Shanghai. Oral health information and related factors were collected through clinical examinations and questionnaires. Logistic and general linear regression were used to investigate the risk factors of early childhood caries. Ethical approval and informed consent form were achieved in the study.ResultsA total of 192 children completed this 2-year longitudinal study with a follow-up rate of 80.0%. At follow-up, 70.8% of children developed new caries. The study revealed that children with lower mother's education level (p = 0.022), less father's income (p = 0.023), more frequent sugar intake (p = 0.006), and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.012) were more likely to develop new caries. Additionally, general linear regression demonstrated that children who did not use fluoride toothpaste (p = 0.006), those who consumed candy more (p = 0.028), and those with poor oral hygiene (p = 0.001) exhibited greater incremental caries.ConclusionLower father's income, lower mother's education level, frequent sugar consumption, non-use of fluoridated toothpaste, and poor oral hygiene status emerged as significant independent risk factors for ECC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c317c6b00c9c4ae8a878aa341ca98d88 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4842 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c317c6b00c9c4ae8a878aa341ca98d882025-08-20T04:00:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oral Health2673-48422025-08-01610.3389/froh.2025.16355691635569Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal studyYating Xu0Minyi Xu1Weihua Zhang2Xiping Feng3Jingyu Zhan4Yu Zhang5Xi Chen6Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Nursing, Shanghai Pudong New Area Eye and Dental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, ChinaIntroductionEarly childhood caries(ECC) has caused a growing public health burden worldwide, but there still remains a gap in the understanding of ECC in Shanghai, China. This study aims to investigate the current profile of ECC and related risk factors of new-onset caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China.Materials and methodsChildren aged 3–5 were included in this two-year longitudinal study from Shanghai. Oral health information and related factors were collected through clinical examinations and questionnaires. Logistic and general linear regression were used to investigate the risk factors of early childhood caries. Ethical approval and informed consent form were achieved in the study.ResultsA total of 192 children completed this 2-year longitudinal study with a follow-up rate of 80.0%. At follow-up, 70.8% of children developed new caries. The study revealed that children with lower mother's education level (p = 0.022), less father's income (p = 0.023), more frequent sugar intake (p = 0.006), and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.012) were more likely to develop new caries. Additionally, general linear regression demonstrated that children who did not use fluoride toothpaste (p = 0.006), those who consumed candy more (p = 0.028), and those with poor oral hygiene (p = 0.001) exhibited greater incremental caries.ConclusionLower father's income, lower mother's education level, frequent sugar consumption, non-use of fluoridated toothpaste, and poor oral hygiene status emerged as significant independent risk factors for ECC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1635569/fullearly childhood cariesincidencerisk factorslongitudinal studydental caries |
| spellingShingle | Yating Xu Minyi Xu Weihua Zhang Xiping Feng Jingyu Zhan Yu Zhang Xi Chen Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study Frontiers in Oral Health early childhood caries incidence risk factors longitudinal study dental caries |
| title | Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study |
| title_full | Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study |
| title_short | Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study |
| title_sort | risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in shanghai china a longitudinal study |
| topic | early childhood caries incidence risk factors longitudinal study dental caries |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1635569/full |
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