Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults

Abstract Ethylene oxide (EO) is an industrial chemical used in the production of both consumer and non-consumer products.Additionally, it is utilized as a gaseous sterilant for medical devices. As an anti-aging hormone, kloth involved in various physiological processes. At present, the association b...

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Main Authors: Huanli Zhang, Zhen Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96959-8
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author Huanli Zhang
Zhen Zhang
author_facet Huanli Zhang
Zhen Zhang
author_sort Huanli Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ethylene oxide (EO) is an industrial chemical used in the production of both consumer and non-consumer products.Additionally, it is utilized as a gaseous sterilant for medical devices. As an anti-aging hormone, kloth involved in various physiological processes. At present, the association between EO exposure and klotho remains uncertain. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1696 participants aged 40–79 years in the 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. EO exposure was measured using the hemoglobin adducts of EO (HbEO) in human whole blood or erythrocytes. Klotho levels were also measured in blood samples. Linear regression, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analyses were used to assess whether HbEO was associated with klotho level. After full adjustment for confounders, the negative association between log2HbEO and klotho was observed after multivariate adjustment (β=−17.29, 95% CI = − 28.42 ~ − 6.17, P = 0.002). When EO was categorized into quintiles, the fifth quintile exhibited significant differences compared to the lowest quintile (β=−70.79, 95% CI = − 122.54 ~ − 19.04, P = 0.007). The curve fitting shows an inverse “L-shaped” relationship between log2HbEO and klotho (P for nonlinearity = 0.04). In summary, a negative and nonlinear relationship was found between log2HbEO and klotho. Further research is required to confirm the causality of this connection and clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-c30898103adc461293649efce0e15e912025-08-20T02:11:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-96959-8Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adultsHuanli Zhang0Zhen Zhang1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityAbstract Ethylene oxide (EO) is an industrial chemical used in the production of both consumer and non-consumer products.Additionally, it is utilized as a gaseous sterilant for medical devices. As an anti-aging hormone, kloth involved in various physiological processes. At present, the association between EO exposure and klotho remains uncertain. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1696 participants aged 40–79 years in the 2013–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. EO exposure was measured using the hemoglobin adducts of EO (HbEO) in human whole blood or erythrocytes. Klotho levels were also measured in blood samples. Linear regression, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analyses were used to assess whether HbEO was associated with klotho level. After full adjustment for confounders, the negative association between log2HbEO and klotho was observed after multivariate adjustment (β=−17.29, 95% CI = − 28.42 ~ − 6.17, P = 0.002). When EO was categorized into quintiles, the fifth quintile exhibited significant differences compared to the lowest quintile (β=−70.79, 95% CI = − 122.54 ~ − 19.04, P = 0.007). The curve fitting shows an inverse “L-shaped” relationship between log2HbEO and klotho (P for nonlinearity = 0.04). In summary, a negative and nonlinear relationship was found between log2HbEO and klotho. Further research is required to confirm the causality of this connection and clarify the underlying mechanisms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96959-8Ethylene oxideKlothoCross-sectional studyNHANESUS adults
spellingShingle Huanli Zhang
Zhen Zhang
Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults
Scientific Reports
Ethylene oxide
Klotho
Cross-sectional study
NHANES
US adults
title Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults
title_full Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults
title_fullStr Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults
title_full_unstemmed Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults
title_short Association between ethylene oxide exposure and Klotho levels in US adults
title_sort association between ethylene oxide exposure and klotho levels in us adults
topic Ethylene oxide
Klotho
Cross-sectional study
NHANES
US adults
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96959-8
work_keys_str_mv AT huanlizhang associationbetweenethyleneoxideexposureandklotholevelsinusadults
AT zhenzhang associationbetweenethyleneoxideexposureandklotholevelsinusadults