Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect
Long-term memory formation is sensitive to the pattern of training sessions. Training distributed over time (spaced training) is superior at generating long-term memories than training presented with little or no rest interval (massed training). This spacing effect was observed in a range of organis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581291 |
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| author | Faisal Naqib Wayne S. Sossin Carole A. Farah |
| author_facet | Faisal Naqib Wayne S. Sossin Carole A. Farah |
| author_sort | Faisal Naqib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Long-term memory formation is sensitive to the pattern of training sessions. Training distributed over time (spaced training) is superior at generating long-term memories than training presented with little or no rest interval (massed training). This spacing effect was observed in a range of organisms from invertebrates to humans. In the present paper, we discuss the evidence supporting cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein 2 (CREB), a transcription factor, as being an important molecule mediating long-term memory formation after spaced training. We also review the main upstream proteins that regulate CREB in different model organisms. Those include the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2α), protein phosphatase I (PP1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the protein tyrosine phosphatase corkscrew. Finally, we discuss PKC activation and protein synthesis and degradation as mechanisms by which neurons decode the spacing intervals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2fd0deca58049f7843345b284832f9d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2fd0deca58049f7843345b284832f9d2025-08-20T02:19:04ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432012-01-01201210.1155/2012/581291581291Molecular Determinants of the Spacing EffectFaisal Naqib0Wayne S. Sossin1Carole A. Farah2Department of Physiology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, CanadaDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, CanadaDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, CanadaLong-term memory formation is sensitive to the pattern of training sessions. Training distributed over time (spaced training) is superior at generating long-term memories than training presented with little or no rest interval (massed training). This spacing effect was observed in a range of organisms from invertebrates to humans. In the present paper, we discuss the evidence supporting cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein 2 (CREB), a transcription factor, as being an important molecule mediating long-term memory formation after spaced training. We also review the main upstream proteins that regulate CREB in different model organisms. Those include the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2α), protein phosphatase I (PP1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the protein tyrosine phosphatase corkscrew. Finally, we discuss PKC activation and protein synthesis and degradation as mechanisms by which neurons decode the spacing intervals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581291 |
| spellingShingle | Faisal Naqib Wayne S. Sossin Carole A. Farah Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect Neural Plasticity |
| title | Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect |
| title_full | Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect |
| title_short | Molecular Determinants of the Spacing Effect |
| title_sort | molecular determinants of the spacing effect |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581291 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT faisalnaqib moleculardeterminantsofthespacingeffect AT waynessossin moleculardeterminantsofthespacingeffect AT caroleafarah moleculardeterminantsofthespacingeffect |