Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic
**Background:** The United States continues to account for the highest proportion of the global Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Currently, it is important to contextualize COVID-19 fatality to guide mitigation efforts. **Objectives:** The objective of this study was to assess...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Columbia Data Analytics, LLC
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2021.22978 |
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| author | Niranjan J. Kathe Rajvi J. Wani |
| author_facet | Niranjan J. Kathe Rajvi J. Wani |
| author_sort | Niranjan J. Kathe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | **Background:** The United States continues to account for the highest proportion of the global Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Currently, it is important to contextualize COVID-19 fatality to guide mitigation efforts.
**Objectives:** The objective of this study was to assess the ecological factors (policy, health behaviors, socio-economic, physical environment, and clinical care) associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) in the United States.
**Methods:** Data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 repository and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Data (01/21/2020 - 02/27/2021) were used. County-level CFR was modeled using the Spatial Durbin model (SDM). The SDM estimates were decomposed into direct and indirect impacts.
**Results:** The study found percent positive for COVID-19 (0.057% point), stringency index (0.014% point), percent diabetic (0.011% point), long-term care beds (log) (0.010% point), premature age-adjusted mortality (log) (0.702 % point), income inequality ratio (0.078% point), social association rate (log) (0.014% point), percent 65 years old and over (0.055% point), and percent African Americans (0.016% point) in a given county were positively associated with its COVID-19 CFR. The study also found food insecurity, long-term beds (log), mental health-care provider (log), workforce in construction, social association rate (log), and percent diabetic of a given county as well as neighboring county were associated with given county’s COVID-19 CFR, indicating significant externalities.
**Conclusion:** The spatial models identified percent positive for COVID-19, stringency index, elderly, college education, race/ethnicity, residential segregation, premature mortality, income inequality, workforce composition, and rurality as important ecological determinants of the geographic disparities in COVID-19 CFR. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2f944e4cd084103aa6f65b75c0ebf89 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2327-2236 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Columbia Data Analytics, LLC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2f944e4cd084103aa6f65b75c0ebf892025-02-10T16:13:10ZengColumbia Data Analytics, LLCJournal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research2327-22362021-05-0181Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the PandemicNiranjan J. KatheRajvi J. Wani**Background:** The United States continues to account for the highest proportion of the global Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. Currently, it is important to contextualize COVID-19 fatality to guide mitigation efforts. **Objectives:** The objective of this study was to assess the ecological factors (policy, health behaviors, socio-economic, physical environment, and clinical care) associated with COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) in the United States. **Methods:** Data from the New York Times’ COVID-19 repository and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Data (01/21/2020 - 02/27/2021) were used. County-level CFR was modeled using the Spatial Durbin model (SDM). The SDM estimates were decomposed into direct and indirect impacts. **Results:** The study found percent positive for COVID-19 (0.057% point), stringency index (0.014% point), percent diabetic (0.011% point), long-term care beds (log) (0.010% point), premature age-adjusted mortality (log) (0.702 % point), income inequality ratio (0.078% point), social association rate (log) (0.014% point), percent 65 years old and over (0.055% point), and percent African Americans (0.016% point) in a given county were positively associated with its COVID-19 CFR. The study also found food insecurity, long-term beds (log), mental health-care provider (log), workforce in construction, social association rate (log), and percent diabetic of a given county as well as neighboring county were associated with given county’s COVID-19 CFR, indicating significant externalities. **Conclusion:** The spatial models identified percent positive for COVID-19, stringency index, elderly, college education, race/ethnicity, residential segregation, premature mortality, income inequality, workforce composition, and rurality as important ecological determinants of the geographic disparities in COVID-19 CFR.https://doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2021.22978 |
| spellingShingle | Niranjan J. Kathe Rajvi J. Wani Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research |
| title | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
| title_full | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
| title_short | Determinants of COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in the United States: Spatial Analysis Over One Year of the Pandemic |
| title_sort | determinants of covid 19 case fatality rate in the united states spatial analysis over one year of the pandemic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2021.22978 |
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