Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets
BackgroundNational survey data show that age- and sex-standardized weight and length measurements decline early in Indian children. In population-level longitudinal data, early detection of growth trajectories is important for the implementation of interventions. We aimed to identify and characteriz...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1474222/full |
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| author | Aswathi Saji Jeswin Baby Jeswin Baby Prem Antony Srishti Sinha Sulagna Bandyopadhyay Joby K. Jose Anura V. Kurpad Tinku Thomas |
| author_facet | Aswathi Saji Jeswin Baby Jeswin Baby Prem Antony Srishti Sinha Sulagna Bandyopadhyay Joby K. Jose Anura V. Kurpad Tinku Thomas |
| author_sort | Aswathi Saji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundNational survey data show that age- and sex-standardized weight and length measurements decline early in Indian children. In population-level longitudinal data, early detection of growth trajectories is important for the implementation of interventions. We aimed to identify and characterize distinct growth trajectories of Indian children from birth to 12 months of age residing in urban and rural areas.MethodsPooled data from four interventional and non-interventional longitudinal studies across India were used for the analysis. Latent class mixed modeling (LCMM) was employed to identify groups of children with similar trajectories over age. The trajectories named Classes of Children were created for length-for-age Z scores (LAZ) and weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) based on place of birth, residential area, and maternal education.ResultsWe identified two latent classes for LAZ in boys and three latent classes for LAZ in girls, and four classes for WAZ were identified in both boys and girls. The first class for LAZ, with the highest proportion of children (>80% of children), did not decline or increase with age; In boys, Class 1 was close to the WHO median, whereas in girls, Class 1 was lower than the WHO median from birth. The LAZ classes of remaining boys and girls declined with age (slope, μdg= − 1.04; 95% CI: −1.09, −0.99 for boys and μdg= − 0.69; 95% CI: −0.76, −0.63 for girls). The first trajectory of WAZ (approximately 50% of children) for boys (μdg=0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.16) and the second trajectory of WAZ for girls (μdg=0.24; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.30) increased with age, while the remaining trajectories of WAZ declined with age.ConclusionThere is heterogeneity in the growth of Indian children in the first year of life, which was identified by distinct types of growth trajectories. The predominant trajectories of both LAZ and WAZ did not decline with age, while most other trajectories demonstrated an initial decline. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2f6466f4b6b4196b994afe951d33a03 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2f6466f4b6b4196b994afe951d33a032025-01-07T06:48:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-01-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.14742221474222Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasetsAswathi Saji0Jeswin Baby1Jeswin Baby2Prem Antony3Srishti Sinha4Sulagna Bandyopadhyay5Joby K. Jose6Anura V. Kurpad7Tinku Thomas8Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, IndiaDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, IndiaDepartment of Statistical Sciences, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, IndiaDivision of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, IndiaDivision of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, IndiaDepartment of Statistical Sciences, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, IndiaDepartment of Physiology, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, IndiaDepartment of Biostatistics, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, IndiaBackgroundNational survey data show that age- and sex-standardized weight and length measurements decline early in Indian children. In population-level longitudinal data, early detection of growth trajectories is important for the implementation of interventions. We aimed to identify and characterize distinct growth trajectories of Indian children from birth to 12 months of age residing in urban and rural areas.MethodsPooled data from four interventional and non-interventional longitudinal studies across India were used for the analysis. Latent class mixed modeling (LCMM) was employed to identify groups of children with similar trajectories over age. The trajectories named Classes of Children were created for length-for-age Z scores (LAZ) and weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) based on place of birth, residential area, and maternal education.ResultsWe identified two latent classes for LAZ in boys and three latent classes for LAZ in girls, and four classes for WAZ were identified in both boys and girls. The first class for LAZ, with the highest proportion of children (>80% of children), did not decline or increase with age; In boys, Class 1 was close to the WHO median, whereas in girls, Class 1 was lower than the WHO median from birth. The LAZ classes of remaining boys and girls declined with age (slope, μdg= − 1.04; 95% CI: −1.09, −0.99 for boys and μdg= − 0.69; 95% CI: −0.76, −0.63 for girls). The first trajectory of WAZ (approximately 50% of children) for boys (μdg=0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.16) and the second trajectory of WAZ for girls (μdg=0.24; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.30) increased with age, while the remaining trajectories of WAZ declined with age.ConclusionThere is heterogeneity in the growth of Indian children in the first year of life, which was identified by distinct types of growth trajectories. The predominant trajectories of both LAZ and WAZ did not decline with age, while most other trajectories demonstrated an initial decline.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1474222/fullgrowth trajectorylength-for-age Z scoreweight-for-age Z scorelongitudinal datainfants |
| spellingShingle | Aswathi Saji Jeswin Baby Jeswin Baby Prem Antony Srishti Sinha Sulagna Bandyopadhyay Joby K. Jose Anura V. Kurpad Tinku Thomas Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets Frontiers in Public Health growth trajectory length-for-age Z score weight-for-age Z score longitudinal data infants |
| title | Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets |
| title_full | Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets |
| title_fullStr | Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets |
| title_short | Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets |
| title_sort | growth dynamics of indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets |
| topic | growth trajectory length-for-age Z score weight-for-age Z score longitudinal data infants |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1474222/full |
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