The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus

BackgroundFeline panleukopenia, feline calicivirus infection, feline viral rhinotracheitis, and feline infectious peritonitis are significant diseases that threaten feline health. The trend of mixed infections is increasing, and current diagnostic methods are limited in scope and unable to provide r...

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Main Authors: Haojie Wang, Lihong Xue, Longxi Wang, Yixuan Liu, Jianxing Chen, Yue Sun, Tongqing An, Hongyan Chen, Changqing Yu, Changyou Xia, He Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1581946/full
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author Haojie Wang
Lihong Xue
Longxi Wang
Yixuan Liu
Jianxing Chen
Yue Sun
Tongqing An
Hongyan Chen
Changqing Yu
Changyou Xia
He Zhang
author_facet Haojie Wang
Lihong Xue
Longxi Wang
Yixuan Liu
Jianxing Chen
Yue Sun
Tongqing An
Hongyan Chen
Changqing Yu
Changyou Xia
He Zhang
author_sort Haojie Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundFeline panleukopenia, feline calicivirus infection, feline viral rhinotracheitis, and feline infectious peritonitis are significant diseases that threaten feline health. The trend of mixed infections is increasing, and current diagnostic methods are limited in scope and unable to provide rapid, simultaneous detection of these diseases.MethodsFour groups of primers and probes targeting the VP2 gene of Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV), the TK gene of Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1), the ORF2 gene of Feline Calicivirus (FCV), and the N gene of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) were designed. After optimizing the concentrations of primers and probes and annealing temperature, a quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method was established to concurrently detect these four pathogens. Recombinant plasmid standards were constructed to establish standard curves, and the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and clinical application of the assay were evaluated.ResultsThe optimal final concentrations of primers for FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV were 0.08, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.12 μM, respectively, and the optimal final concentrations of probes were 0.08, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.12 μM, respectively. The best annealing temperature was 59°C. No cross-reaction was observed with common pathogens in infected cats. The minimal detection limits for recombinant plasmids of T-VP2, T-TK, T-ORF2, and T-N were 50.79, 53.21, 47.91 and 41.25 copies/μL, respectively. The R² values of standard curves are 0.994, 1.0, 0.998 and 0.999, respectively, and high amplification efficiencies of 105.05%, 96.28%, 98.82%, and 96.45%, respectively. The coefficient of variation for inter-batch and intra-batch tests ranged from 0.14 to 1.37%. Among 381 fecal samples from cats, the detection rates for FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV were 13.65% (52/381), 18.37% (70/381), 26.77% (102/381), and 9.71% (37/381), respectively, with a 100% agreement with previously reported methods and commercial kits.ConclusionThe sensitive, specific, high-throughput, quadruplex TaqMan MGB quantitative fluorescent quantitative PCR method was successfully established for the simultaneous detection of FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV.
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spelling doaj-art-c2f61ece01f24da993e778d2ea7ce4672025-08-20T03:05:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-05-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15819461581946The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virusHaojie Wang0Lihong Xue1Longxi Wang2Yixuan Liu3Jianxing Chen4Yue Sun5Tongqing An6Hongyan Chen7Changqing Yu8Changyou Xia9He Zhang10State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaSchool of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaBackgroundFeline panleukopenia, feline calicivirus infection, feline viral rhinotracheitis, and feline infectious peritonitis are significant diseases that threaten feline health. The trend of mixed infections is increasing, and current diagnostic methods are limited in scope and unable to provide rapid, simultaneous detection of these diseases.MethodsFour groups of primers and probes targeting the VP2 gene of Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV), the TK gene of Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1), the ORF2 gene of Feline Calicivirus (FCV), and the N gene of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus (FIPV) were designed. After optimizing the concentrations of primers and probes and annealing temperature, a quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method was established to concurrently detect these four pathogens. Recombinant plasmid standards were constructed to establish standard curves, and the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and clinical application of the assay were evaluated.ResultsThe optimal final concentrations of primers for FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV were 0.08, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.12 μM, respectively, and the optimal final concentrations of probes were 0.08, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.12 μM, respectively. The best annealing temperature was 59°C. No cross-reaction was observed with common pathogens in infected cats. The minimal detection limits for recombinant plasmids of T-VP2, T-TK, T-ORF2, and T-N were 50.79, 53.21, 47.91 and 41.25 copies/μL, respectively. The R² values of standard curves are 0.994, 1.0, 0.998 and 0.999, respectively, and high amplification efficiencies of 105.05%, 96.28%, 98.82%, and 96.45%, respectively. The coefficient of variation for inter-batch and intra-batch tests ranged from 0.14 to 1.37%. Among 381 fecal samples from cats, the detection rates for FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV were 13.65% (52/381), 18.37% (70/381), 26.77% (102/381), and 9.71% (37/381), respectively, with a 100% agreement with previously reported methods and commercial kits.ConclusionThe sensitive, specific, high-throughput, quadruplex TaqMan MGB quantitative fluorescent quantitative PCR method was successfully established for the simultaneous detection of FPV, FHV-1, FCV, and FIPV.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1581946/fullFPVFHV-1FCVFIPVquadruplexTaqMan MGB fluorescent
spellingShingle Haojie Wang
Lihong Xue
Longxi Wang
Yixuan Liu
Jianxing Chen
Yue Sun
Tongqing An
Hongyan Chen
Changqing Yu
Changyou Xia
He Zhang
The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
FPV
FHV-1
FCV
FIPV
quadruplex
TaqMan MGB fluorescent
title The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
title_full The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
title_fullStr The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
title_full_unstemmed The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
title_short The quadruplex TaqMan MGB fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
title_sort quadruplex taqman mgb fluorescent quantitative pcr method for simultaneous detection of feline panleukopenia virus feline herpesvirus 1 feline calicivirus and feline infectious peritonitis virus
topic FPV
FHV-1
FCV
FIPV
quadruplex
TaqMan MGB fluorescent
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1581946/full
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