Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

The diagnosis of obesity is conventionally determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI), with a threshold of 30 being extensively accepted. However, the validity of this cutoff point is subject to variation due to ethnic differences, and its accuracy in the Mexican population remains unvalidated. This cr...

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Main Authors: Jorge Alejandro Ayala San Pedro, Dylani Rosa Avila Salcedo, Livia Magdalena Martínez Borja, Elizabeth Castillo Montufar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Obesities
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4168/5/2/34
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author Jorge Alejandro Ayala San Pedro
Dylani Rosa Avila Salcedo
Livia Magdalena Martínez Borja
Elizabeth Castillo Montufar
author_facet Jorge Alejandro Ayala San Pedro
Dylani Rosa Avila Salcedo
Livia Magdalena Martínez Borja
Elizabeth Castillo Montufar
author_sort Jorge Alejandro Ayala San Pedro
collection DOAJ
description The diagnosis of obesity is conventionally determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI), with a threshold of 30 being extensively accepted. However, the validity of this cutoff point is subject to variation due to ethnic differences, and its accuracy in the Mexican population remains unvalidated. This cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study endeavored to assess the diagnostic performance of BMIs ≥ 30 in comparison to body fat determination using bioimpedance. A total of 715 Mexican adults, aged over 18 years were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, and BMI, were recorded, and body fat percentage was assessed. The results showed that BMIs ≥ 30 had a sensitivity of 62.4%, a specificity of 93.9%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.5%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 54%. In contrast, a BMI cut-off of ≥27 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity of 82.5%, PPV of 90.8%, and NPV of 67.3%. The chi-square test revealed a significant difference in obesity diagnosis between bioimpedance and BMIs ≥ 30 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that the current BMI cutoff of ≥30 underestimates obesity diagnosis, while a cutoff of ≥27 may provide a more accurate diagnostic threshold, emphasizing the necessity for population-specific adjustments.
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spelling doaj-art-c2f0a0177c2e4df082c457e060a5241c2025-08-20T03:16:24ZengMDPI AGObesities2673-41682025-05-01523410.3390/obesities5020034Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional AnalysisJorge Alejandro Ayala San Pedro0Dylani Rosa Avila Salcedo1Livia Magdalena Martínez Borja2Elizabeth Castillo Montufar3Department of Endocrinology, Mexican Social Security Institute, México City 08400, MexicoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ticomán General Hospital, México City 07330, MexicoChief of the Obesity and Overweight Clinic, Spanish Hospital of Mexico, México City 11520, MexicoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Toluca Medical Center, México City 11520, MexicoThe diagnosis of obesity is conventionally determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI), with a threshold of 30 being extensively accepted. However, the validity of this cutoff point is subject to variation due to ethnic differences, and its accuracy in the Mexican population remains unvalidated. This cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study endeavored to assess the diagnostic performance of BMIs ≥ 30 in comparison to body fat determination using bioimpedance. A total of 715 Mexican adults, aged over 18 years were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, and BMI, were recorded, and body fat percentage was assessed. The results showed that BMIs ≥ 30 had a sensitivity of 62.4%, a specificity of 93.9%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95.5%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 54%. In contrast, a BMI cut-off of ≥27 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity of 82.5%, PPV of 90.8%, and NPV of 67.3%. The chi-square test revealed a significant difference in obesity diagnosis between bioimpedance and BMIs ≥ 30 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that the current BMI cutoff of ≥30 underestimates obesity diagnosis, while a cutoff of ≥27 may provide a more accurate diagnostic threshold, emphasizing the necessity for population-specific adjustments.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4168/5/2/34body mass index electrical bioimpedancebody fat specificitylikelihood ratiopredictive value
spellingShingle Jorge Alejandro Ayala San Pedro
Dylani Rosa Avila Salcedo
Livia Magdalena Martínez Borja
Elizabeth Castillo Montufar
Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Obesities
body mass index electrical bioimpedance
body fat specificity
likelihood ratio
predictive value
title Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_full Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_fullStr Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_short Assessment of Body Mass Index for Obesity Diagnosis in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
title_sort assessment of body mass index for obesity diagnosis in the mexican population a cross sectional analysis
topic body mass index electrical bioimpedance
body fat specificity
likelihood ratio
predictive value
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4168/5/2/34
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AT dylanirosaavilasalcedo assessmentofbodymassindexforobesitydiagnosisinthemexicanpopulationacrosssectionalanalysis
AT liviamagdalenamartinezborja assessmentofbodymassindexforobesitydiagnosisinthemexicanpopulationacrosssectionalanalysis
AT elizabethcastillomontufar assessmentofbodymassindexforobesitydiagnosisinthemexicanpopulationacrosssectionalanalysis