Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Construction Accidents (CA) remain a major concern for occupational safety, especially within high-risk environments such as those found across the expanding construction sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This research introduces an innovative prediction framework that combines signal dec...

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Main Authors: Badr T. Alsulami, Afaq Khattak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080030/
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author Badr T. Alsulami
Afaq Khattak
author_facet Badr T. Alsulami
Afaq Khattak
author_sort Badr T. Alsulami
collection DOAJ
description Construction Accidents (CA) remain a major concern for occupational safety, especially within high-risk environments such as those found across the expanding construction sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This research introduces an innovative prediction framework that combines signal decomposition with advanced deep learning methods to estimate CA trends. Initially, the framework applies Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (OVMD) to break down historical CA time series into distinct temporal components known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). These IMFs are individually forecasted using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) models, which are capable of learning sequential patterns in both temporal directions. To enhance the predictive accuracy, the hyperparameters of each BiGRU model are optimized using the Sequential Model-based Algorithm Configuration (SMAC) technique. The proposed framework is trained on monthly CA data in the KSA from June 2010 to March 2023. Among the tested configurations, the proposed OVMD–BiGRU–SMAC model produced the most reliable and better results and achieves RMSE value of 17.26, MAE of 14.02, and R2 of 0.874. In comparison, the OVMD–TCN–SMAC model showed the weakest performance, with an RMSE of 23.93, MAE of 19.11, and R2 of 0.742. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining signal decomposition with deep learning techniques in order to caputer the irregular and nonstationary patterns of CA data and provide more reliable forecasts to support safety management and proactive planning efforts.
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spelling doaj-art-c2df104f66f74537a294161e612732222025-08-20T03:51:08ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312454312455510.1109/ACCESS.2025.358902411080030Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaBadr T. Alsulami0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-8447Afaq Khattak1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-7897Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, IrelandConstruction Accidents (CA) remain a major concern for occupational safety, especially within high-risk environments such as those found across the expanding construction sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This research introduces an innovative prediction framework that combines signal decomposition with advanced deep learning methods to estimate CA trends. Initially, the framework applies Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (OVMD) to break down historical CA time series into distinct temporal components known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). These IMFs are individually forecasted using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) models, which are capable of learning sequential patterns in both temporal directions. To enhance the predictive accuracy, the hyperparameters of each BiGRU model are optimized using the Sequential Model-based Algorithm Configuration (SMAC) technique. The proposed framework is trained on monthly CA data in the KSA from June 2010 to March 2023. Among the tested configurations, the proposed OVMD–BiGRU–SMAC model produced the most reliable and better results and achieves RMSE value of 17.26, MAE of 14.02, and R2 of 0.874. In comparison, the OVMD–TCN–SMAC model showed the weakest performance, with an RMSE of 23.93, MAE of 19.11, and R2 of 0.742. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining signal decomposition with deep learning techniques in order to caputer the irregular and nonstationary patterns of CA data and provide more reliable forecasts to support safety management and proactive planning efforts.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080030/Construction accidentstime seriesdeep learningsignal processing
spellingShingle Badr T. Alsulami
Afaq Khattak
Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
IEEE Access
Construction accidents
time series
deep learning
signal processing
title Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_full Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_short Integrated OVMD-BiGRU-SMAC Framework for Forecasting Construction Accidents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
title_sort integrated ovmd bigru smac framework for forecasting construction accidents in the kingdom of saudi arabia
topic Construction accidents
time series
deep learning
signal processing
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080030/
work_keys_str_mv AT badrtalsulami integratedovmdbigrusmacframeworkforforecastingconstructionaccidentsinthekingdomofsaudiarabia
AT afaqkhattak integratedovmdbigrusmacframeworkforforecastingconstructionaccidentsinthekingdomofsaudiarabia