Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization
Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as a promising strategy for bitumen modification to enhance the mechanical and thermal performance of pavements. This review evaluates the present advancements in the inclusion of coke and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphen...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/842 |
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| author | Muhammad Hashami Yerdos Ongarbayev Yerbol Tileuberdi Yerzhan Imanbayev Ainur Zhambolova Aliya Kenzhegaliyeva Zulkhair Mansurov |
| author_facet | Muhammad Hashami Yerdos Ongarbayev Yerbol Tileuberdi Yerzhan Imanbayev Ainur Zhambolova Aliya Kenzhegaliyeva Zulkhair Mansurov |
| author_sort | Muhammad Hashami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as a promising strategy for bitumen modification to enhance the mechanical and thermal performance of pavements. This review evaluates the present advancements in the inclusion of coke and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene into bituminous systems. The findings and limitations of recent experiments in synthesis procedures along with dispersion methods are deeply explored to determine their impact on the rheological properties of bitumen as well as aging resistance and durability characteristics. Petroleum coke enhances bitumen softening points by 10–15 °C and causes up to 30% improvement in rutting resistance while simultaneously prolonging material fatigue life and aging resistance. Bitumen modification through petroleum coke faces challenges in addition to mixing difficulties due to its high viscosity. Moreover, the incorporation of CNTs and graphene as CNMs shows significant enhancements in rutting resistance with improved tensile strength, lower additive requirements, and enhanced dispersion. Both the superior mechanical properties of carbon nanomaterials and processing advancements in nano-enhanced bitumen have the capability to solve technical issues including material costs and specialized mixing processes. Combining coke with CNMs to enhance performance is a future research direction, which could result in economic and scalability considerations. This review comprehensively explores insights into physicochemical interactions, performance outcomes, and processing techniques, crucial for the development of sustainable, high-performance bitumen composites tailored for next-generation infrastructure applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2dd92e1ca7b4f0fb4a6d8181a5c784d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2dd92e1ca7b4f0fb4a6d8181a5c784d2025-08-20T03:46:46ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-05-01151184210.3390/nano15110842Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and CharacterizationMuhammad Hashami0Yerdos Ongarbayev1Yerbol Tileuberdi2Yerzhan Imanbayev3Ainur Zhambolova4Aliya Kenzhegaliyeva5Zulkhair Mansurov6Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, 172, Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, 172, Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, 172, Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, KazakhstanInstitute of Combustion Problems, 172, Bogenbai Batyr Str., Almaty 050012, KazakhstanFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanCarbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as a promising strategy for bitumen modification to enhance the mechanical and thermal performance of pavements. This review evaluates the present advancements in the inclusion of coke and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene into bituminous systems. The findings and limitations of recent experiments in synthesis procedures along with dispersion methods are deeply explored to determine their impact on the rheological properties of bitumen as well as aging resistance and durability characteristics. Petroleum coke enhances bitumen softening points by 10–15 °C and causes up to 30% improvement in rutting resistance while simultaneously prolonging material fatigue life and aging resistance. Bitumen modification through petroleum coke faces challenges in addition to mixing difficulties due to its high viscosity. Moreover, the incorporation of CNTs and graphene as CNMs shows significant enhancements in rutting resistance with improved tensile strength, lower additive requirements, and enhanced dispersion. Both the superior mechanical properties of carbon nanomaterials and processing advancements in nano-enhanced bitumen have the capability to solve technical issues including material costs and specialized mixing processes. Combining coke with CNMs to enhance performance is a future research direction, which could result in economic and scalability considerations. This review comprehensively explores insights into physicochemical interactions, performance outcomes, and processing techniques, crucial for the development of sustainable, high-performance bitumen composites tailored for next-generation infrastructure applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/842bitumenmodificationpetroleum cokecarbon nanomaterialsrheological properties |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Hashami Yerdos Ongarbayev Yerbol Tileuberdi Yerzhan Imanbayev Ainur Zhambolova Aliya Kenzhegaliyeva Zulkhair Mansurov Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization Nanomaterials bitumen modification petroleum coke carbon nanomaterials rheological properties |
| title | Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization |
| title_full | Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization |
| title_short | Integration of Coke and CNMs with Bitumen: Synthesis, Methods, and Characterization |
| title_sort | integration of coke and cnms with bitumen synthesis methods and characterization |
| topic | bitumen modification petroleum coke carbon nanomaterials rheological properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/11/842 |
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