Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review

  Introduction and purpose Over the years winter swimming has gained popularity, becoming an eagerly practiced form of physical activity. This review aims to examine its influence on the human organism and explore the mechanisms of adaptation developed by winter swimmers.   Materials and meth...

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Main Authors: Martyna Brzoza, Julia Stawińska-Dudek, Barbara Buras, Milena Orzeł, Bartłomiej Orzeł, Ali Aboud, Wiktoria Józefowicz, Aleksandra Bielecka, Bartosz Dubniański, Kornelia Stawińśka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Kazimierz Wielki University 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Education, Health and Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59375
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author Martyna Brzoza
Julia Stawińska-Dudek
Barbara Buras
Milena Orzeł
Bartłomiej Orzeł
Ali Aboud
Wiktoria Józefowicz
Aleksandra Bielecka
Bartosz Dubniański
Kornelia Stawińśka
author_facet Martyna Brzoza
Julia Stawińska-Dudek
Barbara Buras
Milena Orzeł
Bartłomiej Orzeł
Ali Aboud
Wiktoria Józefowicz
Aleksandra Bielecka
Bartosz Dubniański
Kornelia Stawińśka
author_sort Martyna Brzoza
collection DOAJ
description   Introduction and purpose Over the years winter swimming has gained popularity, becoming an eagerly practiced form of physical activity. This review aims to examine its influence on the human organism and explore the mechanisms of adaptation developed by winter swimmers.   Materials and methods This work is based on the analysis of the materials obtained from “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” scientific databases using the key words selected based on their relevance to examining the matter in subject, such as: cold adaptation, cold water immersion, ice swimming, hypothermia, winter swimming The state of knowledge Investigated studies indicate that winter swimming influences human organism in various aspects, having a completely different impact depending on previous cold-water exposures, health status and individual adaptation. Winter swimmers tend to develop a wide range of compensatory mechanisms including hormonal, metabolic and immunological changes, improved thermoregulation and enhanced antioxidative protection. In contrast, for unadopted individuals cold water immersions may lead to severe complications including hypothermia and even fatal consequences. Conclusions Winter swimmers develop mechanisms of cold adaptation that enable them to perform and benefit from such activity. However, proper adjustment, following preventive measures and guidelines such as gradual, regular adaptation, warm-up exercises and being aware of individual health status are vital to minimize detrimental effects that concern especially inexperienced individuals.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2391-8306
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Kazimierz Wielki University
record_format Article
series Journal of Education, Health and Sport
spelling doaj-art-c2db8172e60149d8a6044df66dd333fd2025-08-20T01:56:01ZengKazimierz Wielki UniversityJournal of Education, Health and Sport2391-83062025-04-018010.12775/JEHS.2025.80.59375Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature reviewMartyna Brzoza0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8975-4462Julia Stawińska-Dudek 1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1677-3741Barbara Buras 2https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9914-507XMilena Orzeł3https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1303-2778Bartłomiej Orzeł4https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1442-6790Ali Aboud5https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8485-9302Wiktoria Józefowicz6https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7530-1710Aleksandra Bielecka7https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3150-2058Bartosz Dubniański8https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8481-3297Kornelia Stawińśka9https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8128-5076Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of LodzOrtho.pl Dental and Orthodontic Centre, Buforowa 34, 52-131 Wroclaw, PolandAmerident Non-public Health Care Institution civil law partnership Maria and Lazarz Legien, Jana Kasprowicza 7, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandWroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandMedical Innovation Centre, Krakowska 26, 50-426, Wroclaw, Poland Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandThe Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandWroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland   Introduction and purpose Over the years winter swimming has gained popularity, becoming an eagerly practiced form of physical activity. This review aims to examine its influence on the human organism and explore the mechanisms of adaptation developed by winter swimmers.   Materials and methods This work is based on the analysis of the materials obtained from “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” scientific databases using the key words selected based on their relevance to examining the matter in subject, such as: cold adaptation, cold water immersion, ice swimming, hypothermia, winter swimming The state of knowledge Investigated studies indicate that winter swimming influences human organism in various aspects, having a completely different impact depending on previous cold-water exposures, health status and individual adaptation. Winter swimmers tend to develop a wide range of compensatory mechanisms including hormonal, metabolic and immunological changes, improved thermoregulation and enhanced antioxidative protection. In contrast, for unadopted individuals cold water immersions may lead to severe complications including hypothermia and even fatal consequences. Conclusions Winter swimmers develop mechanisms of cold adaptation that enable them to perform and benefit from such activity. However, proper adjustment, following preventive measures and guidelines such as gradual, regular adaptation, warm-up exercises and being aware of individual health status are vital to minimize detrimental effects that concern especially inexperienced individuals. https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59375cold adaptationcold water immersionice swimminghypothermiawinter swimming
spellingShingle Martyna Brzoza
Julia Stawińska-Dudek
Barbara Buras
Milena Orzeł
Bartłomiej Orzeł
Ali Aboud
Wiktoria Józefowicz
Aleksandra Bielecka
Bartosz Dubniański
Kornelia Stawińśka
Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review
Journal of Education, Health and Sport
cold adaptation
cold water immersion
ice swimming
hypothermia
winter swimming
title Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review
title_full Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review
title_fullStr Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review
title_full_unstemmed Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review
title_short Winter swimming – is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature? A literature review
title_sort winter swimming is it possible to develop adaptation to cold temperature a literature review
topic cold adaptation
cold water immersion
ice swimming
hypothermia
winter swimming
url https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59375
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