Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees
Over the past few decades, honey bees have been facing an increasing number of stressors. Beyond individual stress factors, the synergies between them have been identified as a key factor in the observed increase in colony mortality. However, these interactions are numerous and complex and call for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1217 |
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| author | Alice Mélusine Durand Anne Bonjour-Dalmon Eric Dubois |
| author_facet | Alice Mélusine Durand Anne Bonjour-Dalmon Eric Dubois |
| author_sort | Alice Mélusine Durand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the past few decades, honey bees have been facing an increasing number of stressors. Beyond individual stress factors, the synergies between them have been identified as a key factor in the observed increase in colony mortality. However, these interactions are numerous and complex and call for further research. Here, in line with our need for a systemic understanding of the threats that they pose to bee health, we review the interactions between honey bee viruses. As viruses are obligate parasites, the interactions between them not only depend on the viruses themselves but also on the immune responses of honey bees. Thus, we first summarise our current knowledge of the antiviral immunity of honey bees. We then review the interactions between specific pathogenic viruses and their interactions with their host. Finally, we draw hypotheses from the current literature and suggest directions for future research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2bb30fa4ff946f09bfc9c0a25bfdf51 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2bb30fa4ff946f09bfc9c0a25bfdf512025-08-20T03:27:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-05-01155121710.3390/v15051217Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey BeesAlice Mélusine Durand0Anne Bonjour-Dalmon1Eric Dubois2National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environement, INRAE, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, FranceNational Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environement, INRAE, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, FranceFrench Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, FranceOver the past few decades, honey bees have been facing an increasing number of stressors. Beyond individual stress factors, the synergies between them have been identified as a key factor in the observed increase in colony mortality. However, these interactions are numerous and complex and call for further research. Here, in line with our need for a systemic understanding of the threats that they pose to bee health, we review the interactions between honey bee viruses. As viruses are obligate parasites, the interactions between them not only depend on the viruses themselves but also on the immune responses of honey bees. Thus, we first summarise our current knowledge of the antiviral immunity of honey bees. We then review the interactions between specific pathogenic viruses and their interactions with their host. Finally, we draw hypotheses from the current literature and suggest directions for future research.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1217virusinteractionsynergismimmune systemco-infectionhoney bee |
| spellingShingle | Alice Mélusine Durand Anne Bonjour-Dalmon Eric Dubois Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees Viruses virus interaction synergism immune system co-infection honey bee |
| title | Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees |
| title_full | Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees |
| title_fullStr | Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees |
| title_short | Viral Co-Infections and Antiviral Immunity in Honey Bees |
| title_sort | viral co infections and antiviral immunity in honey bees |
| topic | virus interaction synergism immune system co-infection honey bee |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/5/1217 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alicemelusinedurand viralcoinfectionsandantiviralimmunityinhoneybees AT annebonjourdalmon viralcoinfectionsandantiviralimmunityinhoneybees AT ericdubois viralcoinfectionsandantiviralimmunityinhoneybees |