IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer
IntroductionGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently encountered malignant tumors in the clinic. Because effective early screening techniques are lacking, most patients have advanced disease at first diagnosis. The interleukin (IL)-36 family plays a vital role in regulating the immune syste...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1566993/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850099656833368064 |
|---|---|
| author | Ying Zhang Yanbo Liu Xin Guan Meng Qu Dianxiu Wu Ning Liu Zhengkun Lin Yuqi Liu Han Wang Lijuan Yang |
| author_facet | Ying Zhang Yanbo Liu Xin Guan Meng Qu Dianxiu Wu Ning Liu Zhengkun Lin Yuqi Liu Han Wang Lijuan Yang |
| author_sort | Ying Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently encountered malignant tumors in the clinic. Because effective early screening techniques are lacking, most patients have advanced disease at first diagnosis. The interleukin (IL)-36 family plays a vital role in regulating the immune system, inflammatory responses, and the occurrence and development of cancer. Hence, this study explored the potential role of IL-36 related genes (IL-36RGs) in GC and built a prognostic risk assessment model for GC based on IL-36RGs, which can help evaluate treatment and prognosis.MethodsFirst, relevant datasets were downloaded from public databases. After processing the datasets to remove batch effects, perform differential analysis, and take intersections, IL-36-related differentially expressed genes (IL-36RDEGs) were screened. A prognostic risk model containing nine model genes was constructed based on univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression methods. Then, to investigate the potential biological activities of the model genes in GC, we conducted enrichment, PPI interaction network, and immune infiltration analyses. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to validate the expression of IL-36A in GC.ResultsThe prognostic risk model analysis revealed that mortality events in the high-risk group were substantially elevated compared to those in the low-risk group. The model demonstrated excellent predictive capability at 1, 2, and 3 years and showed the best clinical predictive performance at 3 years. Bioinformatics analysis of the model genes indicate that they primarily participate in mechanisms that promote the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in GC. And hub genes may be strongly correlated with host immune response mechanisms. According to the immunohistochemical staining results, IL-36A expression was higher in the STAD group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe results of the above analysis suggest that IL-36RDEGs can serve as independent prognostic biomarkers for GC and provide insights into IL-36RGs from both bioinformatics and experimental validation perspectives. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2b621535f1b499ea78a4d4f7b07de78 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2b621535f1b499ea78a4d4f7b07de782025-08-20T02:40:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-06-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15669931566993IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancerYing Zhang0Yanbo Liu1Xin Guan2Meng Qu3Dianxiu Wu4Ning Liu5Zhengkun Lin6Yuqi Liu7Han Wang8Lijuan Yang9Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry Laboratory, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, Basic medical college, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaIntroductionGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently encountered malignant tumors in the clinic. Because effective early screening techniques are lacking, most patients have advanced disease at first diagnosis. The interleukin (IL)-36 family plays a vital role in regulating the immune system, inflammatory responses, and the occurrence and development of cancer. Hence, this study explored the potential role of IL-36 related genes (IL-36RGs) in GC and built a prognostic risk assessment model for GC based on IL-36RGs, which can help evaluate treatment and prognosis.MethodsFirst, relevant datasets were downloaded from public databases. After processing the datasets to remove batch effects, perform differential analysis, and take intersections, IL-36-related differentially expressed genes (IL-36RDEGs) were screened. A prognostic risk model containing nine model genes was constructed based on univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression methods. Then, to investigate the potential biological activities of the model genes in GC, we conducted enrichment, PPI interaction network, and immune infiltration analyses. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to validate the expression of IL-36A in GC.ResultsThe prognostic risk model analysis revealed that mortality events in the high-risk group were substantially elevated compared to those in the low-risk group. The model demonstrated excellent predictive capability at 1, 2, and 3 years and showed the best clinical predictive performance at 3 years. Bioinformatics analysis of the model genes indicate that they primarily participate in mechanisms that promote the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in GC. And hub genes may be strongly correlated with host immune response mechanisms. According to the immunohistochemical staining results, IL-36A expression was higher in the STAD group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe results of the above analysis suggest that IL-36RDEGs can serve as independent prognostic biomarkers for GC and provide insights into IL-36RGs from both bioinformatics and experimental validation perspectives.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1566993/fullGCIL-36RDEGsprognosis modelrisk scoreprediction |
| spellingShingle | Ying Zhang Yanbo Liu Xin Guan Meng Qu Dianxiu Wu Ning Liu Zhengkun Lin Yuqi Liu Han Wang Lijuan Yang IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer Frontiers in Oncology GC IL-36RDEGs prognosis model risk score prediction |
| title | IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer |
| title_full | IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer |
| title_fullStr | IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer |
| title_short | IL-36-related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer |
| title_sort | il 36 related genes predict prognosis of gastric cancer |
| topic | GC IL-36RDEGs prognosis model risk score prediction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1566993/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yingzhang il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT yanboliu il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT xinguan il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT mengqu il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT dianxiuwu il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT ningliu il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT zhengkunlin il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT yuqiliu il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT hanwang il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer AT lijuanyang il36relatedgenespredictprognosisofgastriccancer |