Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review

Vectorcardiography (VCG) originated back in 1887 due to the discovery of the dipole theory of the heart electric vector by Augustus D. Waller. Despite the fact that the idea of constructing an electric vector of the heart quickly gained appreciation among scientists of that time, the technical imper...

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Main Authors: Valentin E. Oleynikov, Angelina A. Chernova
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: "Consilium Medicum" Publishing house 2025-01-01
Series:Терапевтический архив
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/viewFile/636314/194497
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author Valentin E. Oleynikov
Angelina A. Chernova
author_facet Valentin E. Oleynikov
Angelina A. Chernova
author_sort Valentin E. Oleynikov
collection DOAJ
description Vectorcardiography (VCG) originated back in 1887 due to the discovery of the dipole theory of the heart electric vector by Augustus D. Waller. Despite the fact that the idea of constructing an electric vector of the heart quickly gained appreciation among scientists of that time, the technical imperfections of electrocardiographs and the complexity of manual calculations for a certain period of time reduced the interest of researchers in this method. The advent of digital electrocardiographs and the development of algorithms for the automatic construction of heart vectors gave VCG a second life and allowed us to look at vector theory from a different angle. It became possible to visualize the electrical processes of the myocardium in a three-dimensional image, to calculate the parameters of the depolarization and repolarization vectors. This review summarizes the currently available ideas and research results on the study of VCG. The concepts of global electrical heterogeneity and ventricular gradient based on the vector theory of the heart are discussed. The data of numerous studies testifying to the significant prognostic and diagnostic value of the obtained parameters of VCG are presented.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher "Consilium Medicum" Publishing house
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series Терапевтический архив
spelling doaj-art-c2b58a97f087436c88d9e439ae81aeb92025-08-20T01:55:34Zrus"Consilium Medicum" Publishing houseТерапевтический архив0040-36602309-53422025-01-0197436036610.26442/00403660.2025.04.20314978631Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A reviewValentin E. Oleynikov0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-9259Angelina A. Chernova1https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7957-8034Penza State UniversityPenza State UniversityVectorcardiography (VCG) originated back in 1887 due to the discovery of the dipole theory of the heart electric vector by Augustus D. Waller. Despite the fact that the idea of constructing an electric vector of the heart quickly gained appreciation among scientists of that time, the technical imperfections of electrocardiographs and the complexity of manual calculations for a certain period of time reduced the interest of researchers in this method. The advent of digital electrocardiographs and the development of algorithms for the automatic construction of heart vectors gave VCG a second life and allowed us to look at vector theory from a different angle. It became possible to visualize the electrical processes of the myocardium in a three-dimensional image, to calculate the parameters of the depolarization and repolarization vectors. This review summarizes the currently available ideas and research results on the study of VCG. The concepts of global electrical heterogeneity and ventricular gradient based on the vector theory of the heart are discussed. The data of numerous studies testifying to the significant prognostic and diagnostic value of the obtained parameters of VCG are presented.https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/viewFile/636314/194497vectorcardiographydigital electrocardiographyglobal electrical heterogeneityventricular gradientelectrical instability of the myocardium
spellingShingle Valentin E. Oleynikov
Angelina A. Chernova
Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
Терапевтический архив
vectorcardiography
digital electrocardiography
global electrical heterogeneity
ventricular gradient
electrical instability of the myocardium
title Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
title_full Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
title_fullStr Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
title_full_unstemmed Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
title_short Spatial vector cardiography: From origins to the present day. A review
title_sort spatial vector cardiography from origins to the present day a review
topic vectorcardiography
digital electrocardiography
global electrical heterogeneity
ventricular gradient
electrical instability of the myocardium
url https://ter-arkhiv.ru/0040-3660/article/viewFile/636314/194497
work_keys_str_mv AT valentineoleynikov spatialvectorcardiographyfromoriginstothepresentdayareview
AT angelinaachernova spatialvectorcardiographyfromoriginstothepresentdayareview