Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study

Introduction Patients with poor perioperative glycaemic control after total joint arthroplasty are at an increased risk of complications, mortality, delayed return to function and increased costs of care. Although correction of hyperglycaemia has been shown to improve patient outcomes, there is a la...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Aidan Morrell, Steven Shelofsky, Hannah Hoffman, Cole McCallister, Thomas W Huff, Kathryn L Schabel, Avital Y O’Glasser, Ryland P Kagan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/4/e091446.full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849763512240308224
author Aidan Morrell
Steven Shelofsky
Hannah Hoffman
Cole McCallister
Thomas W Huff
Kathryn L Schabel
Avital Y O’Glasser
Ryland P Kagan
author_facet Aidan Morrell
Steven Shelofsky
Hannah Hoffman
Cole McCallister
Thomas W Huff
Kathryn L Schabel
Avital Y O’Glasser
Ryland P Kagan
author_sort Aidan Morrell
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Patients with poor perioperative glycaemic control after total joint arthroplasty are at an increased risk of complications, mortality, delayed return to function and increased costs of care. Although correction of hyperglycaemia has been shown to improve patient outcomes, there is a lack of consensus regarding optimal perioperative glucose management after total joint replacement surgery. This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of performing a multicentre randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of perioperative metformin use on glycaemic control in the setting of total joint arthroplasty.Methods and analysis This blinded, placebo-controlled, pilot randomised controlled trial will enrol 40 participants aged 18–99 years undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty at a single academic tertiary centre. Patients will be randomly allocated to two groups of 20 participants each and will receive metformin or a placebo, respectively, for 2 weeks preoperatively, continued on the day of surgery, and up to 2 days postoperatively. The primary outcome is a composite of four endpoints to assess study feasibility: timely recruitment, timely study drug administration, protocol adherence and retention. Secondary outcomes include perioperative glycaemic variability, sliding scale insulin utilisation, hospital length of stay and 90-day rates of infection, mortality and readmission. Analyses will be on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by Oregon Health & Science University Institutional Review Board, STUDY00025798. Written informed consent will be obtained for study participation. Findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration number NCT06280274.
format Article
id doaj-art-c2b11228da02444cb4ac679f6407940c
institution DOAJ
issn 2044-6055
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format Article
series BMJ Open
spelling doaj-art-c2b11228da02444cb4ac679f6407940c2025-08-20T03:05:24ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-04-0115410.1136/bmjopen-2024-091446Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot studyAidan Morrell0Steven Shelofsky1Hannah Hoffman2Cole McCallister3Thomas W Huff4Kathryn L Schabel5Avital Y O’Glasser6Ryland P Kagan7Orthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAOrthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAOrthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAOrthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAOrthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAOrthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAHospital Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAOrthopaedics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USAIntroduction Patients with poor perioperative glycaemic control after total joint arthroplasty are at an increased risk of complications, mortality, delayed return to function and increased costs of care. Although correction of hyperglycaemia has been shown to improve patient outcomes, there is a lack of consensus regarding optimal perioperative glucose management after total joint replacement surgery. This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of performing a multicentre randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of perioperative metformin use on glycaemic control in the setting of total joint arthroplasty.Methods and analysis This blinded, placebo-controlled, pilot randomised controlled trial will enrol 40 participants aged 18–99 years undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty at a single academic tertiary centre. Patients will be randomly allocated to two groups of 20 participants each and will receive metformin or a placebo, respectively, for 2 weeks preoperatively, continued on the day of surgery, and up to 2 days postoperatively. The primary outcome is a composite of four endpoints to assess study feasibility: timely recruitment, timely study drug administration, protocol adherence and retention. Secondary outcomes include perioperative glycaemic variability, sliding scale insulin utilisation, hospital length of stay and 90-day rates of infection, mortality and readmission. Analyses will be on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by Oregon Health & Science University Institutional Review Board, STUDY00025798. Written informed consent will be obtained for study participation. Findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration number NCT06280274.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/4/e091446.full
spellingShingle Aidan Morrell
Steven Shelofsky
Hannah Hoffman
Cole McCallister
Thomas W Huff
Kathryn L Schabel
Avital Y O’Glasser
Ryland P Kagan
Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
BMJ Open
title Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
title_full Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
title_fullStr Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
title_short Perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study
title_sort perioperative metformin use in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery protocol for a randomised placebo controlled pilot study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/4/e091446.full
work_keys_str_mv AT aidanmorrell perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT stevenshelofsky perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT hannahhoffman perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT colemccallister perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT thomaswhuff perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT kathrynlschabel perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT avitalyoglasser perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy
AT rylandpkagan perioperativemetforminuseinpatientsundergoingtotaljointreplacementsurgeryprotocolforarandomisedplacebocontrolledpilotstudy