Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy

Early and accurate diagnosis of central nervous system infections (CNSIs) is crucial for clinical treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, and the sensitivity of its results directly affects treatment decisions. However, due to physiological differ...

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Main Authors: Yue Tang, Hongmiao Xu, Dong Liu, Tingting Lin, Fujun Zuo, Dingli Wen, Yinjuan Liao, Zhennan Ye, Peng Liu, Jincan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1586394/full
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author Yue Tang
Hongmiao Xu
Dong Liu
Tingting Lin
Fujun Zuo
Dingli Wen
Yinjuan Liao
Zhennan Ye
Peng Liu
Jincan Zhang
author_facet Yue Tang
Hongmiao Xu
Dong Liu
Tingting Lin
Fujun Zuo
Dingli Wen
Yinjuan Liao
Zhennan Ye
Peng Liu
Jincan Zhang
author_sort Yue Tang
collection DOAJ
description Early and accurate diagnosis of central nervous system infections (CNSIs) is crucial for clinical treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, and the sensitivity of its results directly affects treatment decisions. However, due to physiological differences in CSF composition between the ventricles and the lumbar space, the choice of sampling site may lead to diagnostic discrepancies, including false negatives. This study aims to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of CSF samples obtained via external ventricular drainage (EVD) and lumbar puncture (LP) in patients with CNSIs following craniotomy.MethodsThis study prospectively collected data from patients who underwent craniotomy and had EVD placement between January 2024 and December 2024. For patients suspected of CNSIs, CSF samples were simultaneously collected via LP and EVD, and the differences in cell counts and biochemical markers were compared. The Kappa index was used to assess diagnostic sensitivity and correlation, and statistical analysis was performed using McNemar’s χ2 test.ResultsA total of 41 patients were included, with 41 LP samples and 41 EVD samples collected. Among the 82 samples, 29 met the diagnostic criteria for CNSIs, with 21 (72.4%) from LP samples and 8 (27.6%) from EVD samples. Among the 21 LP-diagnosed infection cases, 14 EVD samples did not meet the infection criteria, while among the 8 EVD-diagnosed infection cases, only 1 LP sample did not meet the infection criteria. The Kappa correlation index between LP and EVD diagnostic results was 0.279, and McNemar’s χ2 test yielded p = 0.001.ConclusionLP CSF demonstrates higher sensitivity than EVD CSF for early diagnosis of CNSIs in post-craniotomy patients with indwelling EVDs. In clinical practice, when EVD results are negative but there is high clinical suspicion of CNSIs, concurrent LP should be performed for further confirmation.
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spelling doaj-art-c2a866973bc14435b84d058d4b82f6f82025-08-20T02:16:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-04-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15863941586394Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomyYue Tang0Hongmiao Xu1Dong Liu2Tingting Lin3Fujun Zuo4Dingli Wen5Yinjuan Liao6Zhennan Ye7Peng Liu8Jincan Zhang9Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, ChinaEarly and accurate diagnosis of central nervous system infections (CNSIs) is crucial for clinical treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, and the sensitivity of its results directly affects treatment decisions. However, due to physiological differences in CSF composition between the ventricles and the lumbar space, the choice of sampling site may lead to diagnostic discrepancies, including false negatives. This study aims to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of CSF samples obtained via external ventricular drainage (EVD) and lumbar puncture (LP) in patients with CNSIs following craniotomy.MethodsThis study prospectively collected data from patients who underwent craniotomy and had EVD placement between January 2024 and December 2024. For patients suspected of CNSIs, CSF samples were simultaneously collected via LP and EVD, and the differences in cell counts and biochemical markers were compared. The Kappa index was used to assess diagnostic sensitivity and correlation, and statistical analysis was performed using McNemar’s χ2 test.ResultsA total of 41 patients were included, with 41 LP samples and 41 EVD samples collected. Among the 82 samples, 29 met the diagnostic criteria for CNSIs, with 21 (72.4%) from LP samples and 8 (27.6%) from EVD samples. Among the 21 LP-diagnosed infection cases, 14 EVD samples did not meet the infection criteria, while among the 8 EVD-diagnosed infection cases, only 1 LP sample did not meet the infection criteria. The Kappa correlation index between LP and EVD diagnostic results was 0.279, and McNemar’s χ2 test yielded p = 0.001.ConclusionLP CSF demonstrates higher sensitivity than EVD CSF for early diagnosis of CNSIs in post-craniotomy patients with indwelling EVDs. In clinical practice, when EVD results are negative but there is high clinical suspicion of CNSIs, concurrent LP should be performed for further confirmation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1586394/fulllumbar punctureexternal ventricular drainagecerebrospinal fluidcentral nervous system infectionscraniotomy
spellingShingle Yue Tang
Hongmiao Xu
Dong Liu
Tingting Lin
Fujun Zuo
Dingli Wen
Yinjuan Liao
Zhennan Ye
Peng Liu
Jincan Zhang
Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
Frontiers in Neurology
lumbar puncture
external ventricular drainage
cerebrospinal fluid
central nervous system infections
craniotomy
title Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
title_full Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
title_fullStr Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
title_full_unstemmed Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
title_short Comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
title_sort comparative study on the sensitivity of lumbar puncture and external ventricular drainage cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections after craniotomy
topic lumbar puncture
external ventricular drainage
cerebrospinal fluid
central nervous system infections
craniotomy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1586394/full
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