Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018

Abstract This cohort study investigated the association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) and mortality risks in U.S. adults with diabetes or prediabetes using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999–2018). Among 101,316 screened participants, 47,477...

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Main Authors: Yunqian Li, Weiping Wei, Kai Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06313-1
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author Yunqian Li
Weiping Wei
Kai Liu
author_facet Yunqian Li
Weiping Wei
Kai Liu
author_sort Yunqian Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This cohort study investigated the association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) and mortality risks in U.S. adults with diabetes or prediabetes using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999–2018). Among 101,316 screened participants, 47,477 eligible individuals (7,171 diabetes; 15,175 prediabetes) were analyzed after exclusions for age < 20 years, pregnancy, and missing data. NPAR was calculated as neutrophil percentage divided by albumin (g/dL). Mortality outcomes were ascertained via linkage to the National Death Index through 2019. Weighted multivariable Cox models adjusted for sociodemographic, metabolic, and clinical covariates revealed a J-shaped relationship between NPAR and mortality. Over a median follow-up of 99.5 months (IQR: 58–142), the highest NPAR quartile (Q4) demonstrated significantly elevated all-cause mortality (HR 1.585, 95% CI 1.434–1.753) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.642, 95% CI 1.370–1.969) compared to Q1. Restricted cubic spline analysis identified an inflection point at NPAR = 1.399. Below this threshold, NPAR associated only with cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.871, 95% CI 1.249–2.804), while values above 1.399 markedly increased risks for both all-cause (HR 3.241, 95% CI 2.343–4.483) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.062, 95% CI 1.213–3.503). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistency across age, gender, BMI, and comorbidity strata. These findings position NPAR as a novel integrative biomarker reflecting inflammatory-nutritional interplay, with critical prognostic value for mortality risk stratification in dysglycemic populations.
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spelling doaj-art-c29322beeaf6400db021124872bf3d3a2025-08-20T04:01:36ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-06313-1Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018Yunqian Li0Weiping Wei1Kai Liu2Geriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityGeriatric Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityAbstract This cohort study investigated the association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) and mortality risks in U.S. adults with diabetes or prediabetes using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999–2018). Among 101,316 screened participants, 47,477 eligible individuals (7,171 diabetes; 15,175 prediabetes) were analyzed after exclusions for age < 20 years, pregnancy, and missing data. NPAR was calculated as neutrophil percentage divided by albumin (g/dL). Mortality outcomes were ascertained via linkage to the National Death Index through 2019. Weighted multivariable Cox models adjusted for sociodemographic, metabolic, and clinical covariates revealed a J-shaped relationship between NPAR and mortality. Over a median follow-up of 99.5 months (IQR: 58–142), the highest NPAR quartile (Q4) demonstrated significantly elevated all-cause mortality (HR 1.585, 95% CI 1.434–1.753) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.642, 95% CI 1.370–1.969) compared to Q1. Restricted cubic spline analysis identified an inflection point at NPAR = 1.399. Below this threshold, NPAR associated only with cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.871, 95% CI 1.249–2.804), while values above 1.399 markedly increased risks for both all-cause (HR 3.241, 95% CI 2.343–4.483) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.062, 95% CI 1.213–3.503). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistency across age, gender, BMI, and comorbidity strata. These findings position NPAR as a novel integrative biomarker reflecting inflammatory-nutritional interplay, with critical prognostic value for mortality risk stratification in dysglycemic populations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06313-1Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin ratioMortalityCardiovascular diseaseNHANESDiabetes
spellingShingle Yunqian Li
Weiping Wei
Kai Liu
Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018
Scientific Reports
Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin ratio
Mortality
Cardiovascular disease
NHANES
Diabetes
title Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018
title_full Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018
title_fullStr Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018
title_short Neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from NHANES 1999–2018
title_sort neutrophil percentage to albumin ratio predicts all cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes from nhanes 1999 2018
topic Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin ratio
Mortality
Cardiovascular disease
NHANES
Diabetes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06313-1
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