Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia

Introduction: Understanding the epidemiology of tuberculosis is limited by lack of genotyping data. We sought to characterize the drug susceptibility testing patterns and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in southern Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among...

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Main Authors: Yared Merid, Elena Hailu, Getnet Habtamu, Melaku Tilahun, Markos Abebe, Mesay Hailu, Tsegaye Hailu, Daniel Gemechu Datiko, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Abraham Aseffa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2021-09-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/14742
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author Yared Merid
Elena Hailu
Getnet Habtamu
Melaku Tilahun
Markos Abebe
Mesay Hailu
Tsegaye Hailu
Daniel Gemechu Datiko
Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
Abraham Aseffa
author_facet Yared Merid
Elena Hailu
Getnet Habtamu
Melaku Tilahun
Markos Abebe
Mesay Hailu
Tsegaye Hailu
Daniel Gemechu Datiko
Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
Abraham Aseffa
author_sort Yared Merid
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Understanding the epidemiology of tuberculosis is limited by lack of genotyping data. We sought to characterize the drug susceptibility testing patterns and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in southern Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed sputum smear positive patients with tuberculosis visiting nine health facilities in southern Ethiopia from June 2015 to May 2016. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot-morning-spot) per patient were examined using acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy with all smear positive specimens having acid-fast bacilli cultures performed. M. tuberculosis isolates had drug susceptibility testing performed using indirect proportion method and were genotyped with RD9 deletion analysis and spoligotyping. Mapping of strain was made using geographic information system. Results: Among 250 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, 4% were HIV co-infected. All 230 isolates tested were M. tuberculosis strains belonging to three lineages: Euro-American, 187 (81%), East-African-Indian, 31 (14%), and Lineage 7 (Ethiopian lineage), 8 (4%); categorized into 63 different spoligotype patterns, of which 85% fell into 28 clusters. M. tuberculosis strains were clustered by geographic localities. The dominant spoligotypes were SIT149 (21%) and SIT53 (19%). Drug susceptibility testing found that 14% of isolates tested were resistant to > 1 first line anti- tuberculosis drugs and 11% to INH. SIT 149 was dominant among drug resistant isolates. Conclusions: The study revealed several clusters and drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in the study area, suggesting recent transmission including of drug resistant tuberculosis. Wider monitoring of drug susceptibility testing and geospatial analysis of transmission trends is required to control tuberculosis in southern Ethiopia.
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spelling doaj-art-c286cd6043b54b009dc99ccd55eb1f5e2025-08-20T03:52:39ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802021-09-01150910.3855/jidc.14742Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south EthiopiaYared Merid0Elena Hailu1Getnet Habtamu2Melaku Tilahun3Markos Abebe4Mesay Hailu5Tsegaye Hailu6Daniel Gemechu Datiko7Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel8Abraham Aseffa9College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaManagement Sciences for Health, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCollege of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaArmauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Introduction: Understanding the epidemiology of tuberculosis is limited by lack of genotyping data. We sought to characterize the drug susceptibility testing patterns and genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in southern Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed sputum smear positive patients with tuberculosis visiting nine health facilities in southern Ethiopia from June 2015 to May 2016. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot-morning-spot) per patient were examined using acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy with all smear positive specimens having acid-fast bacilli cultures performed. M. tuberculosis isolates had drug susceptibility testing performed using indirect proportion method and were genotyped with RD9 deletion analysis and spoligotyping. Mapping of strain was made using geographic information system. Results: Among 250 newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis, 4% were HIV co-infected. All 230 isolates tested were M. tuberculosis strains belonging to three lineages: Euro-American, 187 (81%), East-African-Indian, 31 (14%), and Lineage 7 (Ethiopian lineage), 8 (4%); categorized into 63 different spoligotype patterns, of which 85% fell into 28 clusters. M. tuberculosis strains were clustered by geographic localities. The dominant spoligotypes were SIT149 (21%) and SIT53 (19%). Drug susceptibility testing found that 14% of isolates tested were resistant to > 1 first line anti- tuberculosis drugs and 11% to INH. SIT 149 was dominant among drug resistant isolates. Conclusions: The study revealed several clusters and drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in the study area, suggesting recent transmission including of drug resistant tuberculosis. Wider monitoring of drug susceptibility testing and geospatial analysis of transmission trends is required to control tuberculosis in southern Ethiopia. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/14742Molecular epidemiologyTuberculosisdrug susceptibility testinggeospatial clusterEthiopia
spellingShingle Yared Merid
Elena Hailu
Getnet Habtamu
Melaku Tilahun
Markos Abebe
Mesay Hailu
Tsegaye Hailu
Daniel Gemechu Datiko
Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
Abraham Aseffa
Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Molecular epidemiology
Tuberculosis
drug susceptibility testing
geospatial cluster
Ethiopia
title Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia
title_full Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia
title_fullStr Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia
title_short Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south Ethiopia
title_sort molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south ethiopia
topic Molecular epidemiology
Tuberculosis
drug susceptibility testing
geospatial cluster
Ethiopia
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/14742
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