First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)

Otoliths are common in the fossil record and can provide important insight into the evolution and spatial and stratigraphic distribution of fishes, but have remained understudied in many areas of the world. Here, we describe the first marine otolith assemblage from East Africa. The material is from...

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Main Authors: Werner W. Schwarzhans, Laura J. Cotton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Diversity
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/255
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author Werner W. Schwarzhans
Laura J. Cotton
author_facet Werner W. Schwarzhans
Laura J. Cotton
author_sort Werner W. Schwarzhans
collection DOAJ
description Otoliths are common in the fossil record and can provide important insight into the evolution and spatial and stratigraphic distribution of fishes, but have remained understudied in many areas of the world. Here, we describe the first marine otolith assemblage from East Africa. The material is from Tanzania Drilling Project cores of late Eocene to early Oligocene age, spanning the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT). The assemblage consists of 10 identifiable species of which 5 are new, and 4 remain in open nomenclature. The new species are as follows: <i>Protanago africanus, Bregmaceros tanzaniensis</i>, <i>Ortugobius pandeanus</i>, “<i>Serranus</i>” <i>plasmaticus,</i> and <i>Acanthocepola signanoae</i>. The association of shallow and deep-water taxa along with the dominance of the family Cepolidae, which has not been observed in either the extant or fossil record, makes the faunal composition unusual. However, when taxon occurrences are correlated with stable isotope records from the same cores and compared with previous studies, it is clear the otoliths reflect the sea-level fall known to occur during the EOT, with deeper dwelling taxa in the late Eocene and taxa preferring shallower, which are more shelf-like environments in the early Oligocene.
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spelling doaj-art-c28364d577184c8595b9ef05f9f7d07e2025-08-20T02:28:20ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-03-0117425510.3390/d17040255First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)Werner W. Schwarzhans0Laura J. Cotton1Ahrensburger Weg 103, 22359 Hamburg, GermanyNatural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, DenmarkOtoliths are common in the fossil record and can provide important insight into the evolution and spatial and stratigraphic distribution of fishes, but have remained understudied in many areas of the world. Here, we describe the first marine otolith assemblage from East Africa. The material is from Tanzania Drilling Project cores of late Eocene to early Oligocene age, spanning the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT). The assemblage consists of 10 identifiable species of which 5 are new, and 4 remain in open nomenclature. The new species are as follows: <i>Protanago africanus, Bregmaceros tanzaniensis</i>, <i>Ortugobius pandeanus</i>, “<i>Serranus</i>” <i>plasmaticus,</i> and <i>Acanthocepola signanoae</i>. The association of shallow and deep-water taxa along with the dominance of the family Cepolidae, which has not been observed in either the extant or fossil record, makes the faunal composition unusual. However, when taxon occurrences are correlated with stable isotope records from the same cores and compared with previous studies, it is clear the otoliths reflect the sea-level fall known to occur during the EOT, with deeper dwelling taxa in the late Eocene and taxa preferring shallower, which are more shelf-like environments in the early Oligocene.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/255Eocene-Oligocene transitionTanzaniaEast Africabony fishotolithsnew species
spellingShingle Werner W. Schwarzhans
Laura J. Cotton
First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)
Diversity
Eocene-Oligocene transition
Tanzania
East Africa
bony fish
otoliths
new species
title First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)
title_full First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)
title_fullStr First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)
title_full_unstemmed First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)
title_short First Marine Fossil Otoliths (Teleostei) from East Africa (Tanzania)
title_sort first marine fossil otoliths teleostei from east africa tanzania
topic Eocene-Oligocene transition
Tanzania
East Africa
bony fish
otoliths
new species
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/255
work_keys_str_mv AT wernerwschwarzhans firstmarinefossilotolithsteleosteifromeastafricatanzania
AT laurajcotton firstmarinefossilotolithsteleosteifromeastafricatanzania