Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation

Wind power generation plays an important role in renewable energy, and the core casting components have extremely high requirements for precision and quality. In actual practice, we found that an insufficient workforce limits traditional manual inspection methods and often creates difficulty in unif...

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Main Authors: Min-Chieh Chen, Shih-Yu Yen, Yue-Feng Lin, Ming-Yi Tsai, Ting-Hsueh Chuang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Machines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/4/317
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author Min-Chieh Chen
Shih-Yu Yen
Yue-Feng Lin
Ming-Yi Tsai
Ting-Hsueh Chuang
author_facet Min-Chieh Chen
Shih-Yu Yen
Yue-Feng Lin
Ming-Yi Tsai
Ting-Hsueh Chuang
author_sort Min-Chieh Chen
collection DOAJ
description Wind power generation plays an important role in renewable energy, and the core casting components have extremely high requirements for precision and quality. In actual practice, we found that an insufficient workforce limits traditional manual inspection methods and often creates difficulty in unifying quality judgment standards. Customized optical path design is often required, especially when conducting internal and external defect inspections, which increases overall operational complexity and reduces inspection efficiency. We developed an automated optical inspection (AOI) system to address these challenges. The system integrates a semantic segmentation neural network to handle external surface detection and an anomaly detection model to detect internal defects. In terms of internal defect detection, the GC-AD-Local model we tested achieved 100% accuracy on experimental images, and the results were relatively stable. In the external detection part, we compared five different semantic segmentation models and found that MobileNetV2 performed the best in terms of average accuracy (65.8%). It was incredibly stable when dealing with surface defects with significant shape variations, and the prediction results were more consistent, making it more suitable for introduction into actual production line applications. Overall, this AOI system boosts inspection efficiency and quality consistency, reduces reliance on manual experience, and is of great assistance in quality control and process intelligence for wind power castings. We look forward to further expanding the amount of data and improving the generalization capabilities of the model in the future, making the system more complete and suitable for practical applications.
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issn 2075-1702
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spelling doaj-art-c280f6462b484740bc18f68f15563bb22025-08-20T02:18:09ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022025-04-0113431710.3390/machines13040317Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic SegmentationMin-Chieh Chen0Shih-Yu Yen1Yue-Feng Lin2Ming-Yi Tsai3Ting-Hsueh Chuang4Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33326, TaiwanWind power generation plays an important role in renewable energy, and the core casting components have extremely high requirements for precision and quality. In actual practice, we found that an insufficient workforce limits traditional manual inspection methods and often creates difficulty in unifying quality judgment standards. Customized optical path design is often required, especially when conducting internal and external defect inspections, which increases overall operational complexity and reduces inspection efficiency. We developed an automated optical inspection (AOI) system to address these challenges. The system integrates a semantic segmentation neural network to handle external surface detection and an anomaly detection model to detect internal defects. In terms of internal defect detection, the GC-AD-Local model we tested achieved 100% accuracy on experimental images, and the results were relatively stable. In the external detection part, we compared five different semantic segmentation models and found that MobileNetV2 performed the best in terms of average accuracy (65.8%). It was incredibly stable when dealing with surface defects with significant shape variations, and the prediction results were more consistent, making it more suitable for introduction into actual production line applications. Overall, this AOI system boosts inspection efficiency and quality consistency, reduces reliance on manual experience, and is of great assistance in quality control and process intelligence for wind power castings. We look forward to further expanding the amount of data and improving the generalization capabilities of the model in the future, making the system more complete and suitable for practical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/4/317wind powercasting componentsautomatic optical inspection (AOI) systemanomaly detectionsemantic segmentation neural network
spellingShingle Min-Chieh Chen
Shih-Yu Yen
Yue-Feng Lin
Ming-Yi Tsai
Ting-Hsueh Chuang
Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation
Machines
wind power
casting components
automatic optical inspection (AOI) system
anomaly detection
semantic segmentation neural network
title Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation
title_full Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation
title_fullStr Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation
title_full_unstemmed Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation
title_short Intelligent Casting Quality Inspection Method Integrating Anomaly Detection and Semantic Segmentation
title_sort intelligent casting quality inspection method integrating anomaly detection and semantic segmentation
topic wind power
casting components
automatic optical inspection (AOI) system
anomaly detection
semantic segmentation neural network
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/4/317
work_keys_str_mv AT minchiehchen intelligentcastingqualityinspectionmethodintegratinganomalydetectionandsemanticsegmentation
AT shihyuyen intelligentcastingqualityinspectionmethodintegratinganomalydetectionandsemanticsegmentation
AT yuefenglin intelligentcastingqualityinspectionmethodintegratinganomalydetectionandsemanticsegmentation
AT mingyitsai intelligentcastingqualityinspectionmethodintegratinganomalydetectionandsemanticsegmentation
AT tinghsuehchuang intelligentcastingqualityinspectionmethodintegratinganomalydetectionandsemanticsegmentation