Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations

Abstract This paper is concerned with second-order causal differential equations with Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary conditions. To obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal solutions for such problems, a novel comparison principle is first formulated. Next, the existence and u...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wenli Wang, Junyan Bao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-03-01
Series:Boundary Value Problems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13661-025-02030-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849390333125722112
author Wenli Wang
Junyan Bao
author_facet Wenli Wang
Junyan Bao
author_sort Wenli Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper is concerned with second-order causal differential equations with Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary conditions. To obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal solutions for such problems, a novel comparison principle is first formulated. Next, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the second-order linear differential equations are proved based on the fixed point theorem. Then, the monotone iterative technique is employed to investigate the existence of the extremal solution, with the relative results being derived on the basis of upper and lower solutions. Finally, an example is provided to verify the theoretical results.
format Article
id doaj-art-c2760318de944d5cb061608366e5d21d
institution Kabale University
issn 1687-2770
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher SpringerOpen
record_format Article
series Boundary Value Problems
spelling doaj-art-c2760318de944d5cb061608366e5d21d2025-08-20T03:41:42ZengSpringerOpenBoundary Value Problems1687-27702025-03-01202511910.1186/s13661-025-02030-wIntegral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equationsWenli Wang0Junyan Bao1College of Management, Hebei UniversityCollege of Mathematics and Information Sciences, Hebei UniversityAbstract This paper is concerned with second-order causal differential equations with Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary conditions. To obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of extremal solutions for such problems, a novel comparison principle is first formulated. Next, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions for the second-order linear differential equations are proved based on the fixed point theorem. Then, the monotone iterative technique is employed to investigate the existence of the extremal solution, with the relative results being derived on the basis of upper and lower solutions. Finally, an example is provided to verify the theoretical results.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13661-025-02030-wRiemann–Stieltjes integralBoundary value problemCausal operatorsExtremal solutions
spellingShingle Wenli Wang
Junyan Bao
Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations
Boundary Value Problems
Riemann–Stieltjes integral
Boundary value problem
Causal operators
Extremal solutions
title Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations
title_full Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations
title_fullStr Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations
title_full_unstemmed Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations
title_short Integral boundary value problems for second-order causal differential equations
title_sort integral boundary value problems for second order causal differential equations
topic Riemann–Stieltjes integral
Boundary value problem
Causal operators
Extremal solutions
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13661-025-02030-w
work_keys_str_mv AT wenliwang integralboundaryvalueproblemsforsecondordercausaldifferentialequations
AT junyanbao integralboundaryvalueproblemsforsecondordercausaldifferentialequations