Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
Offshore wind turbines, especially the fixed-bottom type, have been commercialized and installed in recent years. Generally, an offshore sub-structure such as a monopile or a jacket foundation is adopted to secure offshore wind turbines. There have been concerns raised by surfers regarding the reduc...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/661 |
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| author | Sharath Srinivasamurthy Shigeo Yoshida Shotaro Watanabe |
| author_facet | Sharath Srinivasamurthy Shigeo Yoshida Shotaro Watanabe |
| author_sort | Sharath Srinivasamurthy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Offshore wind turbines, especially the fixed-bottom type, have been commercialized and installed in recent years. Generally, an offshore sub-structure such as a monopile or a jacket foundation is adopted to secure offshore wind turbines. There have been concerns raised by surfers regarding the reduction in wave elevations downstream due to the installation of offshore sub-structures in the sea. This study is therefore dedicated to understanding the near-field and far-field wave effects of fixed-bottom foundations. To this end, 1.6% scale models of a (i) monopile foundation and (ii) jacket foundation were crafted, and near-field wave elevations downstream of the model were measured in a water tank under regular waves. A calculation method based on linear potential theory was implemented and validated with the experimental results. The calculated far-field wave elevations downstream of the monopile and jacket foundations were then analyzed for a range of wave periods and wave profiles were plotted at various distances from the foundations. It was found that the effect of monopile foundations on wave elevation was limited except around the edges of the foundation. Further, the wave elevation reduction was minimal at less than 1% at a distance of 750 m or more and less than 0.7% at a distance of more than 2000 m from the monopile foundation. The jacket foundations had no effect on the wave elevation downstream. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c25c972a320f42c5810757f63ff1c021 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-c25c972a320f42c5810757f63ff1c0212025-08-20T02:18:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-03-0113466110.3390/jmse13040661Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind TurbinesSharath Srinivasamurthy0Shigeo Yoshida1Shotaro Watanabe2Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, JapanInstitute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, JapanENEOS Renewable Energy Corporation, Tokyo 106-0032, JapanOffshore wind turbines, especially the fixed-bottom type, have been commercialized and installed in recent years. Generally, an offshore sub-structure such as a monopile or a jacket foundation is adopted to secure offshore wind turbines. There have been concerns raised by surfers regarding the reduction in wave elevations downstream due to the installation of offshore sub-structures in the sea. This study is therefore dedicated to understanding the near-field and far-field wave effects of fixed-bottom foundations. To this end, 1.6% scale models of a (i) monopile foundation and (ii) jacket foundation were crafted, and near-field wave elevations downstream of the model were measured in a water tank under regular waves. A calculation method based on linear potential theory was implemented and validated with the experimental results. The calculated far-field wave elevations downstream of the monopile and jacket foundations were then analyzed for a range of wave periods and wave profiles were plotted at various distances from the foundations. It was found that the effect of monopile foundations on wave elevation was limited except around the edges of the foundation. Further, the wave elevation reduction was minimal at less than 1% at a distance of 750 m or more and less than 0.7% at a distance of more than 2000 m from the monopile foundation. The jacket foundations had no effect on the wave elevation downstream.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/661offshore wind turbinesmonopile foundationjacket foundationdownstream wave elevations |
| spellingShingle | Sharath Srinivasamurthy Shigeo Yoshida Shotaro Watanabe Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines Journal of Marine Science and Engineering offshore wind turbines monopile foundation jacket foundation downstream wave elevations |
| title | Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_full | Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_short | Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines |
| title_sort | comparative study on wave elevations downstream of monopile and jacket mounted offshore wind turbines |
| topic | offshore wind turbines monopile foundation jacket foundation downstream wave elevations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/661 |
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