Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines

Offshore wind turbines, especially the fixed-bottom type, have been commercialized and installed in recent years. Generally, an offshore sub-structure such as a monopile or a jacket foundation is adopted to secure offshore wind turbines. There have been concerns raised by surfers regarding the reduc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sharath Srinivasamurthy, Shigeo Yoshida, Shotaro Watanabe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/661
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850180349447897088
author Sharath Srinivasamurthy
Shigeo Yoshida
Shotaro Watanabe
author_facet Sharath Srinivasamurthy
Shigeo Yoshida
Shotaro Watanabe
author_sort Sharath Srinivasamurthy
collection DOAJ
description Offshore wind turbines, especially the fixed-bottom type, have been commercialized and installed in recent years. Generally, an offshore sub-structure such as a monopile or a jacket foundation is adopted to secure offshore wind turbines. There have been concerns raised by surfers regarding the reduction in wave elevations downstream due to the installation of offshore sub-structures in the sea. This study is therefore dedicated to understanding the near-field and far-field wave effects of fixed-bottom foundations. To this end, 1.6% scale models of a (i) monopile foundation and (ii) jacket foundation were crafted, and near-field wave elevations downstream of the model were measured in a water tank under regular waves. A calculation method based on linear potential theory was implemented and validated with the experimental results. The calculated far-field wave elevations downstream of the monopile and jacket foundations were then analyzed for a range of wave periods and wave profiles were plotted at various distances from the foundations. It was found that the effect of monopile foundations on wave elevation was limited except around the edges of the foundation. Further, the wave elevation reduction was minimal at less than 1% at a distance of 750 m or more and less than 0.7% at a distance of more than 2000 m from the monopile foundation. The jacket foundations had no effect on the wave elevation downstream.
format Article
id doaj-art-c25c972a320f42c5810757f63ff1c021
institution OA Journals
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-c25c972a320f42c5810757f63ff1c0212025-08-20T02:18:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-03-0113466110.3390/jmse13040661Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind TurbinesSharath Srinivasamurthy0Shigeo Yoshida1Shotaro Watanabe2Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, JapanInstitute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, JapanENEOS Renewable Energy Corporation, Tokyo 106-0032, JapanOffshore wind turbines, especially the fixed-bottom type, have been commercialized and installed in recent years. Generally, an offshore sub-structure such as a monopile or a jacket foundation is adopted to secure offshore wind turbines. There have been concerns raised by surfers regarding the reduction in wave elevations downstream due to the installation of offshore sub-structures in the sea. This study is therefore dedicated to understanding the near-field and far-field wave effects of fixed-bottom foundations. To this end, 1.6% scale models of a (i) monopile foundation and (ii) jacket foundation were crafted, and near-field wave elevations downstream of the model were measured in a water tank under regular waves. A calculation method based on linear potential theory was implemented and validated with the experimental results. The calculated far-field wave elevations downstream of the monopile and jacket foundations were then analyzed for a range of wave periods and wave profiles were plotted at various distances from the foundations. It was found that the effect of monopile foundations on wave elevation was limited except around the edges of the foundation. Further, the wave elevation reduction was minimal at less than 1% at a distance of 750 m or more and less than 0.7% at a distance of more than 2000 m from the monopile foundation. The jacket foundations had no effect on the wave elevation downstream.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/661offshore wind turbinesmonopile foundationjacket foundationdownstream wave elevations
spellingShingle Sharath Srinivasamurthy
Shigeo Yoshida
Shotaro Watanabe
Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
offshore wind turbines
monopile foundation
jacket foundation
downstream wave elevations
title Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
title_full Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
title_fullStr Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
title_short Comparative Study on Wave Elevations Downstream of Monopile- and Jacket-Mounted Offshore Wind Turbines
title_sort comparative study on wave elevations downstream of monopile and jacket mounted offshore wind turbines
topic offshore wind turbines
monopile foundation
jacket foundation
downstream wave elevations
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/4/661
work_keys_str_mv AT sharathsrinivasamurthy comparativestudyonwaveelevationsdownstreamofmonopileandjacketmountedoffshorewindturbines
AT shigeoyoshida comparativestudyonwaveelevationsdownstreamofmonopileandjacketmountedoffshorewindturbines
AT shotarowatanabe comparativestudyonwaveelevationsdownstreamofmonopileandjacketmountedoffshorewindturbines