Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection

Abstract Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, causing substantial losses and economic burdens. The disease, attributed to nervous necrosis viruses within the Betanodavirus genus, is particularly pervasive in the Mediterranean region, affecting various...

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Main Authors: Abu Tayab Moin, Nurul Amin Rani, Yasin Arafath Sharker, Tanbir Ahammed, Umme Sadea Rahman, Sadia Yasmin, Irfan Haque Ratul, Shanjida Akter Joyoti, Muhammad Sakib Musa, Mizan Ur Rahaman, Dipta Biswas, Md Hazrat Ali, S. M. Murshid Ul Alam, Rajesh B. Patil, Rashed Un Nabi, Mohammad Helal Uddin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72116-5
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author Abu Tayab Moin
Nurul Amin Rani
Yasin Arafath Sharker
Tanbir Ahammed
Umme Sadea Rahman
Sadia Yasmin
Irfan Haque Ratul
Shanjida Akter Joyoti
Muhammad Sakib Musa
Mizan Ur Rahaman
Dipta Biswas
Md Hazrat Ali
S. M. Murshid Ul Alam
Rajesh B. Patil
Rashed Un Nabi
Mohammad Helal Uddin
author_facet Abu Tayab Moin
Nurul Amin Rani
Yasin Arafath Sharker
Tanbir Ahammed
Umme Sadea Rahman
Sadia Yasmin
Irfan Haque Ratul
Shanjida Akter Joyoti
Muhammad Sakib Musa
Mizan Ur Rahaman
Dipta Biswas
Md Hazrat Ali
S. M. Murshid Ul Alam
Rajesh B. Patil
Rashed Un Nabi
Mohammad Helal Uddin
author_sort Abu Tayab Moin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, causing substantial losses and economic burdens. The disease, attributed to nervous necrosis viruses within the Betanodavirus genus, is particularly pervasive in the Mediterranean region, affecting various fish species across all production stages with mortality rates reaching 100%. Developing effective preventive measures against VNN is imperative. In this study, we employed rigorous immunoinformatics techniques to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine targeting VNN. Five RNA-directed RNA polymerases, crucial to the lifecycle of Betanodavirus, were selected as vaccine targets. The antigenicity and favorable physicochemical properties of these proteins were confirmed, and epitope mapping identified cytotoxic T lymphocyte, helper T lymphocyte, and linear B lymphocyte epitopes essential for eliciting a robust immune response. The selected epitopes, characterized by high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity, were further enhanced by adding PADRE sequences and hBD adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Two vaccine constructs were developed by linking epitopes using appropriate linkers, demonstrating high antigenicity, solubility, and stability. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed stable interactions between the vaccine constructs and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), essential for pathogen recognition and immune response activation in fish. Notably, vaccine construct V2 exhibited superior stability and binding affinity with TLR8, suggesting its potential as a promising candidate for VNN prevention. Overall, our study presents a comprehensive approach to VNN vaccine design utilizing immunoinformatics, offering safe, immunogenic, and effective solutions across multiple Betanodavirus species. Further experimental validation in model animals is recommended to fully assess the vaccine’s efficacy. This research contributes to improved vaccine development against diverse fish pathogens by addressing emerging challenges and individualized immunization requirements in aquaculture.
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spelling doaj-art-c2456125f4d5468c8f9b074878e823c62024-11-10T12:26:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-72116-5Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infectionAbu Tayab Moin0Nurul Amin Rani1Yasin Arafath Sharker2Tanbir Ahammed3Umme Sadea Rahman4Sadia Yasmin5Irfan Haque Ratul6Shanjida Akter Joyoti7Muhammad Sakib Musa8Mizan Ur Rahaman9Dipta Biswas10Md Hazrat Ali11S. M. Murshid Ul Alam12Rajesh B. Patil13Rashed Un Nabi14Mohammad Helal Uddin15Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of ChittagongFaculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Asia PacificDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Environment and Life Science, Independent University BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University BangladeshDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology ChittagongNotre Dame CollegeDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of ChittagongDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of ChittagongDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of ChittagongDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of ChittagongDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society‘s, Sinhgad College of PharmacyDepartment of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of ChittagongDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of ChittagongAbstract Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, causing substantial losses and economic burdens. The disease, attributed to nervous necrosis viruses within the Betanodavirus genus, is particularly pervasive in the Mediterranean region, affecting various fish species across all production stages with mortality rates reaching 100%. Developing effective preventive measures against VNN is imperative. In this study, we employed rigorous immunoinformatics techniques to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine targeting VNN. Five RNA-directed RNA polymerases, crucial to the lifecycle of Betanodavirus, were selected as vaccine targets. The antigenicity and favorable physicochemical properties of these proteins were confirmed, and epitope mapping identified cytotoxic T lymphocyte, helper T lymphocyte, and linear B lymphocyte epitopes essential for eliciting a robust immune response. The selected epitopes, characterized by high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity, were further enhanced by adding PADRE sequences and hBD adjuvants to increase immunogenicity. Two vaccine constructs were developed by linking epitopes using appropriate linkers, demonstrating high antigenicity, solubility, and stability. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed stable interactions between the vaccine constructs and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), essential for pathogen recognition and immune response activation in fish. Notably, vaccine construct V2 exhibited superior stability and binding affinity with TLR8, suggesting its potential as a promising candidate for VNN prevention. Overall, our study presents a comprehensive approach to VNN vaccine design utilizing immunoinformatics, offering safe, immunogenic, and effective solutions across multiple Betanodavirus species. Further experimental validation in model animals is recommended to fully assess the vaccine’s efficacy. This research contributes to improved vaccine development against diverse fish pathogens by addressing emerging challenges and individualized immunization requirements in aquaculture.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72116-5Viral nervous necrosis (VNN)Fish vaccineBetanodavirusMulti-epitope vaccineImmunoinformaticsMolecular dynamics simulation
spellingShingle Abu Tayab Moin
Nurul Amin Rani
Yasin Arafath Sharker
Tanbir Ahammed
Umme Sadea Rahman
Sadia Yasmin
Irfan Haque Ratul
Shanjida Akter Joyoti
Muhammad Sakib Musa
Mizan Ur Rahaman
Dipta Biswas
Md Hazrat Ali
S. M. Murshid Ul Alam
Rajesh B. Patil
Rashed Un Nabi
Mohammad Helal Uddin
Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection
Scientific Reports
Viral nervous necrosis (VNN)
Fish vaccine
Betanodavirus
Multi-epitope vaccine
Immunoinformatics
Molecular dynamics simulation
title Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection
title_full Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection
title_fullStr Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection
title_full_unstemmed Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection
title_short Computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in fish to combat Betanodavirus infection
title_sort computational design and evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine for viral nervous necrosis vnn in fish to combat betanodavirus infection
topic Viral nervous necrosis (VNN)
Fish vaccine
Betanodavirus
Multi-epitope vaccine
Immunoinformatics
Molecular dynamics simulation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72116-5
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