Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies

<b>Background:</b> Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, long COVID (LC) has become a significant global health burden. While knowledge about LC is accumulating, studies on its prevention are still lacking. <b>Methods:...

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Main Authors: Sun O. Park, Neha Nanda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Infectious Disease Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/3/56
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author Sun O. Park
Neha Nanda
author_facet Sun O. Park
Neha Nanda
author_sort Sun O. Park
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, long COVID (LC) has become a significant global health burden. While knowledge about LC is accumulating, studies on its prevention are still lacking. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to investigate prevention options for LC. We identified fifteen articles on vaccines, seven on antivirals, and six on other interventions after searching for articles in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the MeSH terms. <b>Results:</b> Most vaccine-related studies demonstrated a protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines against developing LC. Our review found an equivocal effect of antivirals, while metformin had a protective effect in outpatients and corticosteroids were protective in hospitalized patients against LC. Conversely, COVID-19 convalescent plasma and multiple micronutrient supplement did not confer any protection against LC. <b>Conclusions:</b> COVID-19 vaccination is vital as it not only prevents COVID-19 but also reduces the severity of illness and may help prevent LC. Further studies are warranted to shed light on preventive strategies for long COVID.
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spelling doaj-art-c2417cdef9bf4e898c2c6646be751c892025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGInfectious Disease Reports2036-74492025-05-011735610.3390/idr17030056Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive StrategiesSun O. Park0Neha Nanda1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USADivision of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA<b>Background:</b> Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, long COVID (LC) has become a significant global health burden. While knowledge about LC is accumulating, studies on its prevention are still lacking. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to investigate prevention options for LC. We identified fifteen articles on vaccines, seven on antivirals, and six on other interventions after searching for articles in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the MeSH terms. <b>Results:</b> Most vaccine-related studies demonstrated a protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines against developing LC. Our review found an equivocal effect of antivirals, while metformin had a protective effect in outpatients and corticosteroids were protective in hospitalized patients against LC. Conversely, COVID-19 convalescent plasma and multiple micronutrient supplement did not confer any protection against LC. <b>Conclusions:</b> COVID-19 vaccination is vital as it not only prevents COVID-19 but also reduces the severity of illness and may help prevent LC. Further studies are warranted to shed light on preventive strategies for long COVID.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/3/56long COVIDpost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs)COVID-19prevention
spellingShingle Sun O. Park
Neha Nanda
Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies
Infectious Disease Reports
long COVID
post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)
post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)
post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs)
COVID-19
prevention
title Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies
title_full Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies
title_fullStr Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies
title_short Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies
title_sort long covid a systematic review of preventive strategies
topic long COVID
post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)
post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)
post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs)
COVID-19
prevention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7449/17/3/56
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AT nehananda longcovidasystematicreviewofpreventivestrategies