Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs
This article examines the combined use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) to detect changes in coastal cliffs in the Strunjan Nature Reserve. Coastal cliffs present unique surveying challenges, including limited access, unstable reference points due...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Drones |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/4/228 |
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| author | Klemen Kregar Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski |
| author_facet | Klemen Kregar Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski |
| author_sort | Klemen Kregar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article examines the combined use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) to detect changes in coastal cliffs in the Strunjan Nature Reserve. Coastal cliffs present unique surveying challenges, including limited access, unstable reference points due to erosion, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal obstruction, dense vegetation, private property restrictions and weak mobile data. To overcome these limitations, UAV and TLS techniques are used with the help of GNSS and TPS (Total Positioning Station) surveying to establish a network of GCPs (Ground Control Points) for georeferencing. The methodology includes several epochs of data collection between 2019 and 2024, using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK for UAV surveys and a Riegl VZ-400 scanner for TLS. The data processing includes point cloud filtering, mesh comparison and a DoD (DEM of difference) analysis to quantify cliff surface changes. This study addresses the effects of vegetation by focusing on vegetation-free regions of interest distributed across the cliff face. The results aim to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of both methods for detecting and monitoring cliff erosion and provide valuable insights for coastal management and risk assessment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c23e1b1db7004d69b18dec4abf6d627c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2504-446X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drones |
| spelling | doaj-art-c23e1b1db7004d69b18dec4abf6d627c2025-08-20T02:17:25ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2025-03-019422810.3390/drones9040228Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal CliffsKlemen Kregar0Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski1Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThis article examines the combined use of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) to detect changes in coastal cliffs in the Strunjan Nature Reserve. Coastal cliffs present unique surveying challenges, including limited access, unstable reference points due to erosion, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal obstruction, dense vegetation, private property restrictions and weak mobile data. To overcome these limitations, UAV and TLS techniques are used with the help of GNSS and TPS (Total Positioning Station) surveying to establish a network of GCPs (Ground Control Points) for georeferencing. The methodology includes several epochs of data collection between 2019 and 2024, using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK for UAV surveys and a Riegl VZ-400 scanner for TLS. The data processing includes point cloud filtering, mesh comparison and a DoD (DEM of difference) analysis to quantify cliff surface changes. This study addresses the effects of vegetation by focusing on vegetation-free regions of interest distributed across the cliff face. The results aim to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of both methods for detecting and monitoring cliff erosion and provide valuable insights for coastal management and risk assessment.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/4/228UAV photogrammetryTLSGCPcliffsmesh comparisonDEM of difference |
| spellingShingle | Klemen Kregar Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs Drones UAV photogrammetry TLS GCP cliffs mesh comparison DEM of difference |
| title | Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs |
| title_full | Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs |
| title_fullStr | Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs |
| title_short | Combining UAV Photogrammetry and TLS for Change Detection on Slovenian Coastal Cliffs |
| title_sort | combining uav photogrammetry and tls for change detection on slovenian coastal cliffs |
| topic | UAV photogrammetry TLS GCP cliffs mesh comparison DEM of difference |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/4/228 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klemenkregar combininguavphotogrammetryandtlsforchangedetectiononsloveniancoastalcliffs AT klemenkozmustrajkovski combininguavphotogrammetryandtlsforchangedetectiononsloveniancoastalcliffs |