Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications
Secreted viral proteins are crucial in virus–host interactions, as they modify the host microenvironment to promote infection. These secreted proteins could alter immune and inflammatory responses, allowing viruses to evade defense mechanisms such as cytotoxic T cell activation and antibody neutrali...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/9/624 |
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| author | Luis Herrera-Moro Huitron Víctor Javier Cruz-Holguin José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar Luis Adrián De Jesús-González Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos Mario Guzmán-Huerta Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista Guadalupe León-Reyes Julio García-Cordero Leticia Cedillo-Barrón Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes Moisés León-Juárez |
| author_facet | Luis Herrera-Moro Huitron Víctor Javier Cruz-Holguin José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar Luis Adrián De Jesús-González Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos Mario Guzmán-Huerta Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista Guadalupe León-Reyes Julio García-Cordero Leticia Cedillo-Barrón Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes Moisés León-Juárez |
| author_sort | Luis Herrera-Moro Huitron |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Secreted viral proteins are crucial in virus–host interactions, as they modify the host microenvironment to promote infection. These secreted proteins could alter immune and inflammatory responses, allowing viruses to evade defense mechanisms such as cytotoxic T cell activation and antibody neutralization. Some secreted proteins mimic host molecules to suppress antiviral responses, making them valuable targets for antivirals and diagnostics. Notable examples include BARF1 from Epstein–Barr virus, associated with gastric cancer; vIL-10 from Epstein–Barr virus, which regulates immune responses and contributes to autoimmune diseases; NS1 from dengue virus, associated with vascular permeability and early diagnosis; and NSP4 from rotavirus as an enterotoxin, among others. The study of these proteins improves our understanding of viral pathogenesis and helps to develop innovative treatments for infectious and non-infectious diseases, taking advantage of the evolutionary adaptations of viruses. This review explores their impact on the infection cycle, disease progression, and key processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Research on these proteins deepens our basic knowledge of virology and generates alternative methods for detecting biomarkers and creating more effective therapies, as well as implementing some emerging technologies, such as biosensors and plasmon resonance, for the diagnosis of viral diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c2351c33ee264eee8dfd91c7bb663a63 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-c2351c33ee264eee8dfd91c7bb663a632025-08-20T02:59:08ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-04-0114962410.3390/cells14090624Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic ApplicationsLuis Herrera-Moro Huitron0Víctor Javier Cruz-Holguin1José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar2Luis Adrián De Jesús-González3Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos4Mario Guzmán-Huerta5Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista6Guadalupe León-Reyes7Julio García-Cordero8Leticia Cedillo-Barrón9Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes10Moisés León-Juárez11Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoLaboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoLaboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98000, MexicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, MexicoDepartamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia 58090, MexicoLaboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México 14610, MexicoDepartamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, MexicoDepartamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, MexicoLaboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, MexicoLaboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, MexicoSecreted viral proteins are crucial in virus–host interactions, as they modify the host microenvironment to promote infection. These secreted proteins could alter immune and inflammatory responses, allowing viruses to evade defense mechanisms such as cytotoxic T cell activation and antibody neutralization. Some secreted proteins mimic host molecules to suppress antiviral responses, making them valuable targets for antivirals and diagnostics. Notable examples include BARF1 from Epstein–Barr virus, associated with gastric cancer; vIL-10 from Epstein–Barr virus, which regulates immune responses and contributes to autoimmune diseases; NS1 from dengue virus, associated with vascular permeability and early diagnosis; and NSP4 from rotavirus as an enterotoxin, among others. The study of these proteins improves our understanding of viral pathogenesis and helps to develop innovative treatments for infectious and non-infectious diseases, taking advantage of the evolutionary adaptations of viruses. This review explores their impact on the infection cycle, disease progression, and key processes, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Research on these proteins deepens our basic knowledge of virology and generates alternative methods for detecting biomarkers and creating more effective therapies, as well as implementing some emerging technologies, such as biosensors and plasmon resonance, for the diagnosis of viral diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/9/624secretion of viral proteinspathogenesisdiagnosticbiomarkers of severity and immune system evasion |
| spellingShingle | Luis Herrera-Moro Huitron Víctor Javier Cruz-Holguin José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar Luis Adrián De Jesús-González Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos Mario Guzmán-Huerta Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista Guadalupe León-Reyes Julio García-Cordero Leticia Cedillo-Barrón Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes Moisés León-Juárez Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications Cells secretion of viral proteins pathogenesis diagnostic biomarkers of severity and immune system evasion |
| title | Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications |
| title_full | Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications |
| title_fullStr | Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications |
| title_short | Beyond Infection: The Role of Secreted Viral Proteins in Pathogenesis, Disease Severity and Diagnostic Applications |
| title_sort | beyond infection the role of secreted viral proteins in pathogenesis disease severity and diagnostic applications |
| topic | secretion of viral proteins pathogenesis diagnostic biomarkers of severity and immune system evasion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/9/624 |
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