Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia
IntroductionAs a low-cost, high-fibre biomass resource, Phragmites australis (reed) has significant potential for feed applications, particularly as a partial replacement for conventional roughage in ruminant diets.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of integrating Bacillus subtilis (B. subti...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| author | Yong Liu Songbai Zhang Junrui Liao Nazir Ahmad Khan Shaoxun Tang Chuanshe Zhou Zhiliang Tan Asmaa Elnagar Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan František Zigo Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem |
| author_facet | Yong Liu Songbai Zhang Junrui Liao Nazir Ahmad Khan Shaoxun Tang Chuanshe Zhou Zhiliang Tan Asmaa Elnagar Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan František Zigo Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem |
| author_sort | Yong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionAs a low-cost, high-fibre biomass resource, Phragmites australis (reed) has significant potential for feed applications, particularly as a partial replacement for conventional roughage in ruminant diets.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of integrating Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis BNCC109047) with homofermentative/ heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia on the fermentation and nutritional quality of Phragmites australis (reed) silage. Five treatments were evaluated: a Control (CK, without inoculum) and four inoculants—LAB (1.5 × 108 CFU/kg LAB, 1:4 homofermentative (Lentilactobacillus plantarum BNCC 336421 and Pediococcus pentosaceus BNCC 135034 in a ratio of 1:1): heterofermentative (L. buchneri BNCC 187961) ratio), LAB-BS2.5 (LAB plus 2.5 × 107 CFU/kg B. subtilis), LAB-BS5.0 (LAB plus 5.0 × 107 CFU/kg B. subtilis), and LAB-BS10.0 (LAB plus 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg B. subtilis)—with triplicate samples per group. Silage fermentation was conducted for 90 days.ResultsLAB-BS10.0 demonstrated superior fermentation outcomes, achieving the highest lactic acid-to-total acid ratio (62.3%, p < 0.05) and the lowest ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content (0.60 ± 0.09 g/kg, p < 0.05). Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 5.9% compared to the Control. Ether extract (EE) increased to 4.76% (p < 0.01), highlighting enhanced lipid preservation.ConclusionThese results emphasize the synergistic potential of B. subtilis and LAB to optimize P. australis silage, providing a sustainable strategy to enhance forage quality and tackle global feed shortages. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c211025317fd46c19f9a618478ea975f2025-08-20T03:47:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-05-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15576141557614Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortiaYong Liu0Songbai Zhang1Junrui Liao2Nazir Ahmad Khan3Shaoxun Tang4Chuanshe Zhou5Zhiliang Tan6Asmaa Elnagar7Ibrahim F. Rehan8Ibrahim F. Rehan9Ibrahim F. Rehan10František Zigo11Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem12Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem13Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaLiuyang Liu'an Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Development Co., Ltd., Liuyang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, JapanDepartment of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, JapanDepartment of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, EgyptDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, SlovakiaDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, SlovakiaFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, MexicoDipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (Di.S.S.P.A.), Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, ItalyIntroductionAs a low-cost, high-fibre biomass resource, Phragmites australis (reed) has significant potential for feed applications, particularly as a partial replacement for conventional roughage in ruminant diets.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of integrating Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis BNCC109047) with homofermentative/ heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia on the fermentation and nutritional quality of Phragmites australis (reed) silage. Five treatments were evaluated: a Control (CK, without inoculum) and four inoculants—LAB (1.5 × 108 CFU/kg LAB, 1:4 homofermentative (Lentilactobacillus plantarum BNCC 336421 and Pediococcus pentosaceus BNCC 135034 in a ratio of 1:1): heterofermentative (L. buchneri BNCC 187961) ratio), LAB-BS2.5 (LAB plus 2.5 × 107 CFU/kg B. subtilis), LAB-BS5.0 (LAB plus 5.0 × 107 CFU/kg B. subtilis), and LAB-BS10.0 (LAB plus 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg B. subtilis)—with triplicate samples per group. Silage fermentation was conducted for 90 days.ResultsLAB-BS10.0 demonstrated superior fermentation outcomes, achieving the highest lactic acid-to-total acid ratio (62.3%, p < 0.05) and the lowest ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content (0.60 ± 0.09 g/kg, p < 0.05). Acetic and butyric acid concentrations were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) decreased by 5.9% compared to the Control. Ether extract (EE) increased to 4.76% (p < 0.01), highlighting enhanced lipid preservation.ConclusionThese results emphasize the synergistic potential of B. subtilis and LAB to optimize P. australis silage, providing a sustainable strategy to enhance forage quality and tackle global feed shortages.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1557614/fullsilagemicrobial inoculanthomofermentativeheterofermentativeLactobacillusreed |
| spellingShingle | Yong Liu Songbai Zhang Junrui Liao Nazir Ahmad Khan Shaoxun Tang Chuanshe Zhou Zhiliang Tan Asmaa Elnagar Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan Ibrahim F. Rehan František Zigo Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia Frontiers in Veterinary Science silage microbial inoculant homofermentative heterofermentative Lactobacillus reed |
| title | Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia |
| title_full | Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia |
| title_short | Enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of Phragmites australis silage by introducing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia |
| title_sort | enhancing fermentation quality and fiber decomposition of phragmites australis silage by introducing bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria consortia |
| topic | silage microbial inoculant homofermentative heterofermentative Lactobacillus reed |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1557614/full |
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