U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation
Abstract Objective Lifestyle Medicine comprises six domains: diet, substance use, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and sleep. The comprehensive assessment of lifestyle is challenging, but the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) was developed to f...
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Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy |
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| author | Raquel B. De Boni Jurema C. Mota Felipe Barreto Schuch Daniel Alvarez Pires Thiago Sousa Matias Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior Andrea C. Deslandes Danilo R. Silva Helena Ferreira Moura Nicole Galvão-Coelho Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida Flavio Kapciznki Vicent Balanzá-Martinez |
| author_facet | Raquel B. De Boni Jurema C. Mota Felipe Barreto Schuch Daniel Alvarez Pires Thiago Sousa Matias Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior Andrea C. Deslandes Danilo R. Silva Helena Ferreira Moura Nicole Galvão-Coelho Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida Flavio Kapciznki Vicent Balanzá-Martinez |
| author_sort | Raquel B. De Boni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Lifestyle Medicine comprises six domains: diet, substance use, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and sleep. The comprehensive assessment of lifestyle is challenging, but the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) was developed to fill out this gap. In this paper, we describe the development and the psychometric properties (internal consistency, concurrent and convergent validity) of a shorter version of the SMILE among university students. Methods Data from a cross-sectional study including 369 students from 10 Brazilian universities were used. Considering a theoretical nomological net, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to obtain the most parsimonious, interpretable, and good-fitting model. Results The final model was called U-SMILE, comprised 24 items, and presented acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.73, McDonald's ω = 0.79). To evaluate the concurrent validity of the U-SMILE, we compared it to the original SMILE and found a high correlation between the instruments (Spearman's r = 0.94). Furthermore, we evaluated convergent validity by examining the U-SMILE correlation with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Spearman's r = −0.517), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) (Spearman's r = −0.356), two validated instruments to screen for depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the U-SMILE is a valid instrument for assessing lifestyle among university students. We recommend that the use of U-SMILE to evaluate overall lifestyle scores rather than individual domain scores. Finally, we discuss the importance of clarifying the definitions of lifestyle and related constructs in future research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c1fdf0b18a7543c5887022daa15bea00 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2238-0019 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c1fdf0b18a7543c5887022daa15bea002025-08-20T02:29:04ZengAssociação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do SulTrends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy2238-00192025-05-014710.47626/2237-6089-2023-0722U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle EvaluationRaquel B. De Bonihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-5997Jurema C. MotaFelipe Barreto Schuchhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5190-4515Daniel Alvarez PiresThiago Sousa MatiasRenato Sobral Monteiro-JuniorAndrea C. DeslandesDanilo R. SilvaHelena Ferreira Mourahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-6055Nicole Galvão-CoelhoFabianna Resende de Jesus-MoraleidaFlavio KapciznkiVicent Balanzá-MartinezAbstract Objective Lifestyle Medicine comprises six domains: diet, substance use, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and sleep. The comprehensive assessment of lifestyle is challenging, but the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) was developed to fill out this gap. In this paper, we describe the development and the psychometric properties (internal consistency, concurrent and convergent validity) of a shorter version of the SMILE among university students. Methods Data from a cross-sectional study including 369 students from 10 Brazilian universities were used. Considering a theoretical nomological net, we performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to obtain the most parsimonious, interpretable, and good-fitting model. Results The final model was called U-SMILE, comprised 24 items, and presented acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.73, McDonald's ω = 0.79). To evaluate the concurrent validity of the U-SMILE, we compared it to the original SMILE and found a high correlation between the instruments (Spearman's r = 0.94). Furthermore, we evaluated convergent validity by examining the U-SMILE correlation with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Spearman's r = −0.517), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) (Spearman's r = −0.356), two validated instruments to screen for depression and anxiety, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the U-SMILE is a valid instrument for assessing lifestyle among university students. We recommend that the use of U-SMILE to evaluate overall lifestyle scores rather than individual domain scores. Finally, we discuss the importance of clarifying the definitions of lifestyle and related constructs in future research.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-60892025000100507&lng=en&tlng=enLifestylehealth questionnairesvalidationuniversity students |
| spellingShingle | Raquel B. De Boni Jurema C. Mota Felipe Barreto Schuch Daniel Alvarez Pires Thiago Sousa Matias Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior Andrea C. Deslandes Danilo R. Silva Helena Ferreira Moura Nicole Galvão-Coelho Fabianna Resende de Jesus-Moraleida Flavio Kapciznki Vicent Balanzá-Martinez U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Lifestyle health questionnaires validation university students |
| title | U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation |
| title_full | U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation |
| title_short | U-SMILE: a brief version of the Short Multidimensional Inventory on Lifestyle Evaluation |
| title_sort | u smile a brief version of the short multidimensional inventory on lifestyle evaluation |
| topic | Lifestyle health questionnaires validation university students |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-60892025000100507&lng=en&tlng=en |
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