Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells

The causes behind lung cancer etiology remain unknown, and treatment failure is often caused by medication resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Clinical development of novel therapeutic molecules to overcome drug resistance remains a problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potentia...

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Main Authors: K.B. Gurudhathan, Jeelani Peerzada, Arul Prakesh, M.S. Mohamed Jaabir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-12-01
Series:Oral Oncology Reports
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906023000948
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author K.B. Gurudhathan
Jeelani Peerzada
Arul Prakesh
M.S. Mohamed Jaabir
author_facet K.B. Gurudhathan
Jeelani Peerzada
Arul Prakesh
M.S. Mohamed Jaabir
author_sort K.B. Gurudhathan
collection DOAJ
description The causes behind lung cancer etiology remain unknown, and treatment failure is often caused by medication resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Clinical development of novel therapeutic molecules to overcome drug resistance remains a problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of Simarouba glauca triterpenoids among two different plant extracts (leaf extract and bark extract) in two human cell lines: lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and normal lung (L132) cell lines using four different solvents. The concentration yield of methanolic bark extract and leaf extracts was found to be higher compared to the other solvents using the Soxhlet method of extraction. Phytochemical analysis using Liberman-Burchard's test conducted confirmed the presence of triterpenoids in Methanolic extract from barks of Simarouba glauca. Comparative cytotoxicity potential among the extracts from bark and leaves, bark extracts showed an IC50 and LD50 as 350 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL respectively on the A549 cell lines of lung carcinoma. Cell cycle analysis using Methanolic bark extracts in comparison to the leaf extracts showed the arrest of the proliferation of A549 cells at the G0/G1 stage with a significant increase in cells at a level of 42.33%, 23.93%–23.47%, 17.96% respectively. Increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in the A549 cells in 1 h treated with bark extract and leaf extract than in the untreated cells. The methanolic extract from both the bark and leaves was found to be the most potent presenting potential arrest of cell cycle, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. In summary, our study has found that the S. glauca-based plant extract has the anticancer potential by triggering apoptosis.
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spelling doaj-art-c1dcdf1c256b49a6a0260cb00d9c4b7a2025-08-20T02:50:30ZengElsevierOral Oncology Reports2772-90602023-12-01810010410.1016/j.oor.2023.100104Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cellsK.B. Gurudhathan0Jeelani Peerzada1Arul Prakesh2M.S. Mohamed Jaabir3Scientist R&D Upstream Process (Biologicals) Anthem Biosciences Pvt Ltd. No 49, Canara Bank Road, Hosur Rd, Electronics City Phase 1, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, IndiaPost Graduate and Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College Trichy, Department of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, IndiaPost Graduate and Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College Trichy, Department of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, IndiaPost Graduate and Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College Trichy, Department of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India; Corresponding author. DBT PGT and STAR College Schemes, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli – 620 001, India.The causes behind lung cancer etiology remain unknown, and treatment failure is often caused by medication resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Clinical development of novel therapeutic molecules to overcome drug resistance remains a problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of Simarouba glauca triterpenoids among two different plant extracts (leaf extract and bark extract) in two human cell lines: lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and normal lung (L132) cell lines using four different solvents. The concentration yield of methanolic bark extract and leaf extracts was found to be higher compared to the other solvents using the Soxhlet method of extraction. Phytochemical analysis using Liberman-Burchard's test conducted confirmed the presence of triterpenoids in Methanolic extract from barks of Simarouba glauca. Comparative cytotoxicity potential among the extracts from bark and leaves, bark extracts showed an IC50 and LD50 as 350 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL respectively on the A549 cell lines of lung carcinoma. Cell cycle analysis using Methanolic bark extracts in comparison to the leaf extracts showed the arrest of the proliferation of A549 cells at the G0/G1 stage with a significant increase in cells at a level of 42.33%, 23.93%–23.47%, 17.96% respectively. Increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels in the A549 cells in 1 h treated with bark extract and leaf extract than in the untreated cells. The methanolic extract from both the bark and leaves was found to be the most potent presenting potential arrest of cell cycle, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis. In summary, our study has found that the S. glauca-based plant extract has the anticancer potential by triggering apoptosis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906023000948
spellingShingle K.B. Gurudhathan
Jeelani Peerzada
Arul Prakesh
M.S. Mohamed Jaabir
Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
Oral Oncology Reports
title Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
title_full Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
title_fullStr Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
title_short Exploring the anti-cancer potential of methanolic extract from Simarouba glauca: Induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
title_sort exploring the anti cancer potential of methanolic extract from simarouba glauca induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition in lung cancer cells
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772906023000948
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